general

Question 1

Domestication

Answer 1

breeding for favorable behavior

Question 2

Behavior

Answer 2

repeated, voluntary, measurable reactions to stimulus.
Internally coordinated to externally show a response to stimuli/environment.
(3 criteria specific, repeatable, response (can predict))
Behavior is also polygenic

Question 3

Behaviorism

Answer 3

In the US. compared animals to humans
(focus was on humans)

Question 4

Ethology

Answer 4

In the EU.
Observed animals in natural conditions
(focus on animals)

Question 5

Founders in Ethology + 1

Answer 5

Von Frisch
Tinburgen
Lorenz
Turner

Question 6

VonFrisch

Answer 6

jewish in germany during ww2. Forced into retirment but came back and had work funded by nazis.
Discovered bees waggle dance to direct the colony to food.

Question 7

Tinbergen

Answer 7

refused to comply w nazis, interned in pow camp. Broke off friendship w lorenz cause of nazis
Adaptive significance of behaviors
Why certain behaviors?
Believed in in-nature studies

Question 8

Lorenz

Answer 8

nazi, proponent of eugenics
Sensitive period of imprinting

Question 9

Turner

Answer 9

pioneered studies in insect behavior

Question 10

Tinburgen’s 4 Questions

Answer 10

Mechanism
Ontogeny
Adaptive Value
Phylogeny

Question 11

Mechanism

Answer 11

causation

Question 12

Ontogeny

Answer 12

development, explanation of how changes across lifespan

Question 13

Adaptive Value

Answer 13

function, utility of behavior (pros and cons of the behavior)

Question 14

Phylogeny

Answer 14

evolution, why over history this behavior

Question 15

Evolution w/out NS

Answer 15

due to genetic drift, immigration/migration, mutation

Question 16

Natural selection

Answer 16

in a pop, there are individuals that vary, these varying traits give individuals a better chance at living/reproducing more than others, and are able to be passed down to offspring.
Natural selection interacts with the Phenotype
Phenotype is the one present in nature
Phenotype influences whether something lives/dies/breeds and thus gets passed down

Question 17

Variation

Answer 17

members of a species in a pop differ in a way that’s heritable

Question 18

Heredity

Answer 18

parents can pass it down

Question 19

Evolution

Answer 19

change in allele frequency from one generation to the next

Question 20

Phenotypic plasticity

Answer 20

trait that is modified as it is affected by the environment (Ex red blood cells expand when in higher altitudes)

Question 21

Genetic Drift

Answer 21

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance

Question 22

Evolution w/out NS

Answer 22

due to genetic drift, immigration/migration, mutation

Question 23

Adaptation

Answer 23

aspect/trait of individual that enables survivability/reproduction (Usually through NS)

Question 24

Fitness

Answer 24

relative ability of individuals to survive, reproduce, propagate gene in an environment (lifetime reproductive output, relative to others)

Question 25

Group Selection

Answer 25

[not true] organisms evolve to avoid overexploitation of resources and regulate population, competing collaboratively for the good of the species.

Question 26

individual selection

Answer 26

individual adaptations and more selfish traits, organisms’ adaptions are focused on themselves