general Flashcards
Domestication
breeding for favorable behavior
Behavior
repeated, voluntary, measurable reactions to stimulus.
Internally coordinated to externally show a response to stimuli/environment.
(3 criteria specific, repeatable, response (can predict))
Behavior is also polygenic
Behaviorism
In the US. compared animals to humans
(focus was on humans)
Ethology
In the EU.
Observed animals in natural conditions
(focus on animals)
Founders in Ethology + 1
Von Frisch
Tinburgen
Lorenz
Turner
VonFrisch
jewish in germany during ww2. Forced into retirment but came back and had work funded by nazis.
Discovered bees waggle dance to direct the colony to food.
Tinbergen
refused to comply w nazis, interned in pow camp. Broke off friendship w lorenz cause of nazis
Adaptive significance of behaviors
Why certain behaviors?
Believed in in-nature studies
Lorenz
nazi, proponent of eugenics
Sensitive period of imprinting
Turner
pioneered studies in insect behavior
Tinburgen’s 4 Questions
Mechanism
Ontogeny
Adaptive Value
Phylogeny
Mechanism
causation
Ontogeny
development, explanation of how changes across lifespan
Adaptive Value
function, utility of behavior (pros and cons of the behavior)
Phylogeny
evolution, why over history this behavior
Evolution w/out NS
due to genetic drift, immigration/migration, mutation
Natural selection
in a pop, there are individuals that vary, these varying traits give individuals a better chance at living/reproducing more than others, and are able to be passed down to offspring.
Natural selection interacts with the Phenotype
Phenotype is the one present in nature
Phenotype influences whether something lives/dies/breeds and thus gets passed down
Variation
members of a species in a pop differ in a way that’s heritable
Heredity
parents can pass it down
Evolution
change in allele frequency from one generation to the next
Phenotypic plasticity
trait that is modified as it is affected by the environment (Ex red blood cells expand when in higher altitudes)
Genetic Drift
the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance
Evolution w/out NS
due to genetic drift, immigration/migration, mutation
Adaptation
aspect/trait of individual that enables survivability/reproduction (Usually through NS)
Fitness
relative ability of individuals to survive, reproduce, propagate gene in an environment (lifetime reproductive output, relative to others)
Group Selection
[not true] organisms evolve to avoid overexploitation of resources and regulate population, competing collaboratively for the good of the species.
individual selection
individual adaptations and more selfish traits, organisms’ adaptions are focused on themselves
