General Flashcards
What are the steps for Nose High Upset Recovery
Disengage Autopilot
Disengage Autothrottle
Apply nose down elevator. Apply as much elevator as needed to obtain a nose down pitch rate.
Apply appropriate nose down stabilizer trim.
Reduce thrust.
Roll to obtain a nose down pitch rate.
When approaching the horizon, roll to wings level.
Check airspeed and adjust thrust.
Establish pitch attitude.
What are the steps for Nose Low Upset Recovery
Disengage autopilot.
Disengage autothrottle.
Recover from stall, if needed.
Roll in the shortest direction to wings level.
Apply nose up elevator.
Apply nose up trim, if needed.
Adjust thrust and drag, if needed.
What does PRAM stand for?
Pre-Recorded Announcement Machine
What are the steps for the Windshear Escape Manoeuvre?
Disengage autopilot.
Push either TOGA switch.
Aggressively apply maximum thrust.
Disengage autothrottle.
Simultaneously roll wings level and rotate toward an initial pitch attitude of 15 degrees.
Retract speedbrakes.
Follow flight director TOGA guidance (if available).
Do not change flap or gear configuration until windshear is no longer a factor.
Maintain wings level to maximize climb gradient, unless a turn is required for obstacle clearance.
Monitor vertical speed and altitude.
Do not attempt to regain lost airspeed until windshear is no longer a factor.
What are the steps for the Terrain Escape Manoeuvre?
Disengage autopilot.
Disengage autothrottle.
Aggressively apply maximum thrust.
Simultaneously roll wings level and rotate to an initial pitch attitude of 20 degrees.
Retract speedbrakes.
If terrain remains a threat, continue rotation up to the PLI’s (if available) or stick shaker or initial buffet.
Do not change gear or flap configuration until terrain separation is assured.
Monitor radio altimeter for sustained or increasing terrain separation.
When clear of terrain, slowly decrease pitch attitude and accelerate.
What does Hydraulic System A control?
Autopilot A
No1 Thrust Reverser
Rudder
Ailerons
Elevator and Elevator Feel
Flights Spoilers (2 on each wing)
Ground Spoilers
Normal Nose Wheel Steering
Alternate Brakes
Landing Gear
PTU
What does Hydraulic System B control?
Autopilot B
No2 Thrust Reverser
Rudder
Ailerons
Elevator/Elevator Feel
Flight Spoilers (2 on each wing)
Autoslats
Leading Edge Flaps and Slats
Trailing Edge Flaps
Normal Brakes
Alternate Nose Wheel Steering
Yaw Damper
Landing Gear Transfer Unit
What is the minimum fuel for ground operation of the electric motor-driven hydraulic pumps?
760 kgs in the related main tank.
What happens if a leak develops in the System A engine driven pump or related lines?
The reservoir remains approx 20% full.
System A pressure is maintained by the electric motor driven pump.
What happens if a leak develops in the System A electric motor-driven pump or related lines (or components common to both pumps)?
The quantity steadily decreases to zero and all system pressure is lost.
What happens if a leak develops in either pump, line or component of Hydraulic System B?
The quantity decreases until indicating approximately zero and all system B pressure is lost.
Enough fluid remains for PTU operation.
Does a leak in Hydraulic System B affect the standby system?
No.
What does the PTU operate?
Autoslats.
Leading edge flaps and slats.
What are the criteria for PTU operation?
Airborne.
System B engine driven pump pressure drops below limits.
Flaps less than 15 but not up.
(Flaps not up on SFP Aircraft)
What are the criteria for Landing Gear Transfer Unit operation?
Airborne.
Engine No1 RPM drops below a limit value.
Landing Gear Lever positioned UP
Either main landing gear not up and locked.
What is controlled by the Standby Hydraulic System?
Thrust Reversers
Rudder
Standby Yaw Damper
Leading Edge Flaps and Slats (extend only)
What conditions cause automatic operation of the Standby Hydraulic System?
FLT CONTROL switch A or B Hydraulic system ON, and
Loss of system A or B, and
Flaps Extended, and
Airborne, or wheel speed greater than 60kts.
OR
The main PCU fight force monitor trips.
What are the Maximum Zero Fuel weights for the 737NG and MAX?
61688
64818
What are the Maximum Landing weights for the 737NG and MAX
65317
68175
What are the Max Take Off weights for the 737NG and MAX?
74990 (some are 77990)
76200
Describe the AC and DC systems on the 737
AC - 115v, 400hz, three-phase
DC - 28v
What are the Max and Min Fuel Temperatures?
Min: -43 degrees (or 3 degrees above freezing point*).
Max: +49
*Jet A1 freezing point is -47 degrees
What is the maximum fuel quantity that can be carried?
NG - 20896 kg (3915-13066-3915)
MAX - 20728 kg (3869-12990-3869)
What does the Nitrogen Generation System do?
Converts bleed air to Nitrogen-enriched air during all phases of flight. The NEA is delivered to the centre fuel tank to reduce flammability of the tank.
Are the fuel pumps AC or DC powered?
AC
Which electrical system operates the Fuel Crossfeed valve?
DC Motor operated from the Battery Bus
At what quantity does the hydraulic RF indication show?
Quantity below 76%
(Valid only on ground with both engines shut down or after landing with flaps up during taxi in)
What is the Minimum/Normal/Maximum hydraulic system pressure?
2800/3000/3500 psi
When will a fuel LOW alert be seen?
Fuel tank quantity less than 453kg in related main tank. Display remains until fuel tank quantity is increased to 567kg.
(590kg and 737kg on the 8200)
When will a fuel CONFIG alert be seen?
Centre fuel tank quantity greater than 726kg.
Either engine running.
Both centre tank fuel pump switches OFF.
When will a fuel IMBAL alert be seen?
Main tanks differ by more than 453kg.
Displayed until imbalance is reduced to 91kg.
(Inhibited by fuel LOW indication)
How many fuel measuring sticks are there?
16 - 6 in each main tank and 4 in the centre tank.
What arrival separation is required between a 737 and a Heavy/Super Heavy aircraft?
5nm (or 3 mins non radar)
What arrival separation is required between a 737 and a B757?
4nm
What wake turbulence separation is required when departing from the same position on a runway behind an A380/B747/B787/B757?
A380 - 3 mins*
B747/B787 - 2 mins*
B757 - no minimum gap
*additional 1 minute applied when departing from an intersection with other aircraft having used full length.
When can controlled rest be taken?
In the cruise only.
Maximum of 45 mins rest, followed by a minimum 20 minute recovery period.
Rest and recovery must be complete 30 mins before TOD.
Ryanair ensures that no person, other than a flight crew member assigned to a flight, is admitted to, or carried in the flight deck unless that person is:
An operating crew member,
A representative of the IAA or an inspecting authority if required to be there in the performance of his duties,
A person authorised by the NPFO.
What are the steps if an engine failure should occur in the cruise?
Disengage autothrottle.
Select CON and manually set limit thrust.
Set engine out altitude and airspeed from ENG OUT page on MCP
Slow to ENG OUT speed.
Select LVL CHG.
QRH NNC.
Maintain CON
Accellerate to single engine LRC speed.
What are the RUNAWAY STABILIZER memory items?
Control column…Hold Firmly.
Autopilot (if engaged)…Disengage.
Autothrottle (if engaged)… Disengage.
Control column and thrust levers…Control airplane pitch attitude and airspeed.
Main electric stabilizer trim…Reduce control column forces.
If the runaway stops after the autopilot is disengaged:
DO NOT re-engage the autopilot or autothrottle.
If the runaway continues after the autpilot is disengaged:
STAB TRIM CUTOUT switches (both)…CUTOUT.
If the runaway continues:
Stabilizer trim wheel…Grasp and hold.
What are the Loss of Thrust on Both Engines memory items?
Engine Start Switches (both)…FLT.
Engine Start Levers (both)…Cutoff.
WHEN egt decreases,
Engine Start Levers (both)…Idle Detent.
IF egt reaches a redline or there is no increase in egt within 30 seconds,
Engine Start Lever (affected engine)…Confirm…Cutoff, then Idle Detent.
IF EGT again reaches a redline or there is no EGT increase within 30 seconds, Repeat as needed.
What are the steps for approach to stall or stall recovery?
Hold the control column firmly.
Disengage autopilot and autothrottle.
Smoothly apply nose down elevator to reduce the angle of attack until buffet or stick shaker stops. Nose down stabilizer trim may be needed.
Roll in the shortest direction to wings level if needed.
Advance thrust levers as needed.
Retract the speedbrakes.
Do not change gear or flap configuration (except during liftoff, if flaps are up, call for flaps 1)
Check airspeed and adjust thrust as needed.
Establish pitch attitude.
Return to the desired flight path.
Re-engage the autopilot and autothrottle if desired.
What are the Commanders’ responsibilities?
- Safety of all crew members, passengers and cargo from arriving on board to leaving the aircraft.
- Operation and safety of the aircraft from ready for move for taxi until it comes to rest with the engines shut down.
- Give all commands and take any appropriate actions for the purpose of securing the safety of the aircraft/persons/property carried therein.
- Authority to disembark any person, or part of the cargo that may represent a safety hazard to aircraft or occupants.
- Not allow a person to be carried in the aircraft who appears to be under the influence of alcohol or drugs to the extent that the safety of aircraft or occupants could be endangered.
- Right to refuse transportation of inadmissible passengers, deportees or persons in custody if the carriage increases risk to safety of aircraft or occupants.
- Ensure all passengers are briefed on location of emergency exits and location/use of safety equipment.
- Ensure all operational procedures and checklists are complied with as per Ops manual.
- Not permit any crew member to perform any activity during critical phases except duties required for safe operation.
- Flight recorders are not disabled or switched off during flight
- In the event of a reportable incident, nothing intentionally erased.
- In the event of an accident or serious incident, nothing is intentionally erased, recorders deactivated immediately after flight and precautionary measures taken to preserve recordings.
- Decide on acceptance of aircraft with unserviceabilities in accordance with CDL or MEL.
- Ensure pre-flight inspection carried out.
- Satisfied with emergency equipment.
- Record all known or suspected defects in tech log at the end of the flight.
What are the Ryanair KORA’s
- Aircraft Fire
- Birdstrike
- CFIT
- GCOL
- HIgh energy approach
- Loss of control in flight
- Mid-Air Collision
- Runway excursion
- Runway incursion
- Safety of Ground Ops
What are the criteria for hand flying practice?
- In controlled airspace below FL245
- Not withTS, TCU, known or forecast WS, gale warnings.
- Not in TMA’s
- Not during NNC’s with AP available.
In which circumstances can you use V/S with flaps extended?
- AFDS engaged
- Above MFRA
- A SID speed restriction prevents further accelleration.
- Limiting speed has been reached.
What is the takeoff pitch attitude profile?
Climb V2-V2+20 - 15 to 18 degrees
MFRA - 8 degrees
Climb at UP speed - 12.5
Accellerate 250kts - 6 degrees
Climb 250kts - 10 degrees
What does the CU course contain?
4 days of groundschool
Simulator training
Command Management Line Training - 12 sectors
Command Upgrade Line Training - 48 sectors
Final check - 4 sectors
When does the Landing Gear warning horn sound?
Flaps Up thru 10:
- below 800ft, thrust lever between idle and 20 degrees. Can be silenced above 200ft.
Flaps 15 thru 25:
- any altitude, thrust lever between idle and 20 degrees. Cannot be silenced.
Flaps 30/40:
- any altitude, any thrust setting. Cannot be silenced.
What is the holding pattern size for an EOSID?
5nm
What are the New Commander restrictions?
Less than 100hrs
No Cat B Restricted or Cat C airfields (including alternates)
No ‘New’ Co Pilots
No Visual Approaches (if others available)
When is a Commander/Captain/Co-Pilot ‘New’?
Until completing 100hrs + 10 sectors (in 120 days)
Or, 150hrs + 20 sectors
*since first successful line check
Can a ‘New’ Co-Pilot operate with a ‘New’ Captain?
No
What are the limitations for an ‘Inexperienced’ Co-Pilot (less than 500hrs)?
No Takeoff or Landing when:
X-Wind in excess of 2/3 limiting value
X-Wind in excess of 15kts (landing)
Windshear reported/forecast
Peformance limited runway (Max thrust or AB max)
Runway contaminated
RVR <1000m
Ceiling <100ft from precision minima ( <200ft NPA)
Abnormal procedures required
What is the minimum CC required?
4
When can there be single CC operation?
Non-revenue flight
10 or less Pax
When are CC members regarded as ‘New’?
3 months or 125 flight hours
Describe a Category A aerodrome
A straight in 3D instrument approach procedure with GP no more than 3.5 degrees to each runway expected to be used for landing.
At least 1 runway with no performance limited procedure for TO and LDG (eg. Special EOSID)
Night Ops Capability
Describe a Category B aerodrome
Does not meet Cat A requirements
Non-standard approach aids/patterns
Unusual local weather
Unusual characteristics or performance limitations (eg. special EOSID)
Other relevant considerations (obstructions, layout, lights etc.)
Training/experience requirements stipulated that do not include SIM or aerodrome visit
Describe a Cat B Restricted aerodrome
<1800M
Narrow runway
Circling
Any other identified considerations
Describe a Category C aerodrome
Additional considerations
Required training specified (eg. SIM or visiting the aerodrome)
What are the commander’s LVO minimum values?
125M for takeoff
CAT II and III Landing*
*100m added to minima for first 100hrs/40 sectors (including line training)
What are the first officers LVO minimum values?
550m for takeoff
PF for CAT II and III approaches
What is the validity period of a Dangerous Goods qualification?
2 years
What is the validity period of a Security qualification?
1 year
What is the validity period of an OPC?
6 months (from end of month)
What is the validity period of an IR/TR?
End of month plus 1 year (can be revalidated up to 3 months before)
*TR requires OPC, 10 route sectors or 1 sector (or SIM) with an examiner
What consitutes a Pass/Restricted Pass/Fail on a Line Check?
Pass - No Fail Item, Less than 5 SOP points
Restricted Pass - No Fail Item, > 5 SOP points
Fail - Breach of a Safety Item
What is the validity of a Line Check Pass/Restricted Pass?
Pass - End of month plus 1 year
Restricted Pass - End of month plus 3 months
What are the validity periods of the CU line checks Initial/CMD LCK 2/CMD LCK 3?
Initial - 3 months
CMD LCK 2 - 3 months
CMD LCK 3 - annual
What are pilots’ minimum and maximum age requirements?
Minimum - 18 years old*
Maximum - less than 65 years old
*21 years old to be a commander
What are the minimum requirements for a RYR commander?
21 years old
Class 1 medical
Unfrozen ATPL
3000hrs
Completed 737 TR course
DEC - 800hrs command, 500 on type
Upgrade - 800hrs on type, one winter
How many Types of aircraft can a pilot fly?
Max 2 types (separate endorsement required)
*Only 1 type in any FDP, unless 1hr between blocks
What is the minimum experience level for a cabin crew?
Minimum of 2 ‘experienced’ CC (not ‘New’)
What are the alcohol limits for crew?
No alcohol within 8hrs of duty
Max blood alcohol level 0.2% (0.2g per litre)
What is classed as a ‘Duty Period’?
From Report -> End of Post-Flight Duty (30m)
What is classed as a ‘Flight Duty Period’?
From Report -> Engines Shutdown (final sector)
What is classed as the WOCL (Window of Circadian Low)?
0200-0559L, in acclimatised zone
What is classed as an early start/late finish/night duty?
Early Start - 0500-0559L
Late Finish - 2300-0159L
Night Duty - 0200-0459L
*in acclimatised zone
What rest requirements are there after 4 or more early starts/late finishes/night duties in a block?
60 consecutive hours
What rest period is required at least twice per month?
36hrs including 2 local nights/days
What constitutes the FDP reference time when looking at the Max FDP table?
Local time at departure point (within 2hr timezone band of acclimatised time)
Can Max FDP be increased (planned in advance)?
Yes, by 1 hour, not more than twice in 7 days, where:
Min pre/post flight rest increased by 2 hrs or post flight rest increased by 4 hrs
Not combined with split duty extensions
Maximum of 5 sectors (Max 4 if WOCL encroached for less than 2 hrs, Max 2 if more)
What are the requirements around Commanders Discretion?
Max 2hrs in addition to Max FDP (table 2)
Minimum 10hrs rest after.
CDR required
If more than 1hr30m expected to be used, confirm latest airborne time with OCC
How is FDP calculated if a report is delayed less than 4hrs?
MAX FDP based on original report time
FDP counts from NEW report time
How is FDP calculated if a report is delayed more than 4hrs?
MAX FDP based on most restrictive report time
FDP counts from NEW report time.
What are the maximum Duty Period limitations?
60hrs in 7 days
110hrs in 14 days
190hrs in 28 days
What are the maximum Flight Time limitations?
100hrs in 28 days
900hrs in a calendar year
1000hrs in 12 consecutive months
What is the minimum rest period?
Length of the previous duty, or
12hrs at home base
10hrs out of base
What are the requirements around a Split Duty?
Minimum break of 3 consecutive hrs (excluding pre/post flight duties and travelling)
MAX FDP can be increased by 50% of break, to a maximum of 6hrs.
6hrs or more (or encroaching WOCL) requires accommodation.
What is the maximum SBY period?
16hrs
When does FDP start if called off SBY?
At the reporting point.
When is MAX FDP reduced when called off SBY?
If called after first 6hrs, MAX FDP reduced by time after 6hrs.*/**
Standby+FDP must be <18hrs
**some SBY time is not counted until contacted eg. before 0700 for SBY beginning 2300-0700
When is an overweight landing recommended?
Malfunction affecting airworthiness
Conditions where expeditious landing prevents NNC developing into unsafe condition.
Serious illness/medical issue
QRH directs to land at nearest suitable airfield.
Can you perform an overweight autoland?
No autoland above MLW.
When would you make the ‘Caution High Winds’ PA?
Winds greater than 20kts
What is the maximum diversion distance?
737-800 - 427nm*
737-700/MAX - 416nm*
*Limited to 400nm over water (unless liferafts carried)
When is a takeoff alternate required?
Where departure AD can’t be used
Must be no further than max diversion distance
Under what circumstances is no alternate legally required?
Flight <6hrs
2 separate runways available/usable
Weather +/- 1hr = 5k visibility or more, ceiling 2000ft or above (or circling minima +500)
When are 2 alternates required?
Weather +/- 1hr less than planning minima
No MET information available
What are the required planning minima?
New:
Type B Approach - +200ft/800M
Type A Approach - +400ft/1500M
Circling - 400ft/1500M
Old:
CAT II and III -> CAT I (RVR)
CAT I -> NPA minima (RVR/Vis/Ceiling)
NPA -> NPA minima plus 200ft/1000m
Circling -> Circling
What is the B737 RFFS category?
-800 - 7
-700 - 6
*All flights planned to RFFS 7
What are the RFFS requirements for alternates?
2 below the aircraft RFFS
Can the aerodrome RFFS be temporarily downgraded?
Yes, 2 below the aircraft RFFS, with a minimum of 4, for a maximum 72hrs.
What restrictions apply to Circling at Night?
Max 20kt crosswind (Gust < 40kt)
Ceiling = Minima + 300ft
PAPI/VASI Required
Not allowed for ‘NEW’ Captains
What is the minimum RVR for a Visual Approach?
800M
When is Met Vis to RVR conversion NOT used?
Not used when RVR available
Not used for calculating Takeoff Minima
Not used for RVR < 800M
What are the Met Vis to RVR conversions?
HI Approach and Rwy Lights - 1.5 Day, 2.0 Night
Other Lights - 1.0 Day, 1.5 Night
No Lights - 1.0 Day Only
What RVR increase applies to approaches offset by more than 5 degrees?
400M (max 5000M)