general

Question 1

malignancies

Answer 1

melanoma
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carnioma

Question 2

melanoma

Answer 2

acquired streaker dark pigmentation
single dark streak is melanoma until proven

Question 3

melanoma nails

Answer 3

tend to be thicker, worse prognosis and delayed dx
most present as longitudinal melaonychia
skin or nails arising on foot- failing to heal greater than 2months refer to derm

Question 4

melanonychia

Answer 4

hx 3-6m up to 20 yrs
brown, black
hx of trauma
nail plate pigmentation constant
lateral margins straight/ long orientated

Question 5

subungal bleeding

Answer 5

>

6. months
   purple black, red hues
   hx of trauma
   haemorrhages broken up in zones
   irregular margins

Question 6

medial cuneiform attachement

Answer 6

tib post
tib ant
peroneus longus

Question 7

what is psoriasis

Answer 7

autoimmune chronic skin disease marked by periodic flare ups or sharply defined red patches covered in silver flaky skin

Question 8

what is psoriasis

Answer 8

autoimmune chronic skin disease marked by periodic flare ups or sharply defined red patches covered in silver flaky skin

Question 9

psoriasis lesions

Answer 9

may be pustular, scaling, red, cracked
unknown aetiology

Question 10

patho

Answer 10

autoimmune: T cells mistake body proteins as foreign

Question 11

aggravating factors of psoriasis

Answer 11

stress
weather
trauma
medications
infection

Question 12

types of psoriasis

Answer 12

plaque- vulgaris most common
gluttae-small red dots
inverse-flexural areas e.g. groin, arm pit
postural-sterile vessicles on skin

Question 13

dx measures

Answer 13

check nail conditions (pitting, longitudinal, scalp

Question 14

psoriasis rx

Answer 14

topical: emollients, tar, steriods
system: PUVA, retinoids (VIT A),methotrexate

Question 15

diabex

Answer 15

controls blood sugar in T2DM

Question 16

cephalexin

Answer 16

moderate spectrum antibiotic
used in nail and skin conditions where pt is allergic to penicillin

Question 17

Fosamax

Answer 17

bisphosphonate
rx osteoporosis and pagets disease
inhibitor of osteoclast

Question 18

Foot drop

Answer 18

neuropathy of common fib nerve

Question 19

cause of common fib nerve neuropathy

Answer 19

injury to fib head, prolonged squatting
-stroke

Question 20

clinical dx of foot drop

Answer 20

deep peroneal nerve
weakness of toes and DF’s e.g. tib ant, ext digitorum longs, brevis,
weakness of evertors
sensory changes over dorsal asp
sensory def over 1st and 2nd

Question 21

AFO’s and foot drop

Answer 21

restrict ankle PF and DF
rigid, stiff
maintain weak foot in fixed DF pos to facilitate swing phase
disrupts gait and inc energy walking

Question 22

DAFO and foot drop

Answer 22

dynamic ankle foot orthosis
flexible, thin, wraps around foot
- controls Rfoot and Foot in neutral alignment
greater efficiency when walking

Question 23

cellulitis

Answer 23

bacterial infection of skin- thru cuts, burns
Hot temp
red in colour
yellow fluid, pus
can appear anywhere
signs: swollen lymph nodes, fever, vomitting

Question 24

DVT

Answer 24

blood clot around calf muscle
temp: normal or cool
colour: normal or cyanotic
ulcers
signs: shortness of breath, sharp chest pain. cough

Question 25

osteomyelitis

Question 26

in toeing

Question 27

2019 risk stratification

Answer 27

0 Very low No LOPS and No PAD Once a year 1 Low LOPS or PAD Once every 6-12 months 2 Moderate LOPS + PAD or Once every 3-6 LOPS + foot deformity or months PAD + foot deformity 3 High LOPS or PAD, and one or more of the following: § history of a foot ulcer § a lower-extremity amputation (minor or major) § end-stage renal disease Once every 1-3 months

Question 28

kohlers lesion

Question 29

plantar fascia origin

Answer 29

inferomedial tubercle of calc divides into medial (DF hallux), central band and lateral band

Question 30

plantar fascia insertion

Answer 30

inserts into 5 slips at the the 5 proximal phalanx. known as plantar plate

Question 31

plantar fascia function

Answer 31

provides shock absorption stabilises arch assists in heel raise and toe off

Question 32

plantar fasciitis signs

Answer 32

idiopathic onset of pain 1st step pain, morning pain inflammation + thickening >4mm abnormal