General Flashcards
Scoliosis
curvature of the spine, thoracic or lumbar
Kyphosis
excess curvature of the thoracic vertebrae “roundback”
Lordosis
excess curvature of the lumbar vertebrae
Medial and Lateral intermuscular septae
the two compartments (anterior and posterior) dividing the arm by extensions of deep fascia
The anterior/flexor compartment of the arm is occupied by (3) muscles, and innervated by _________
biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis, musculocutaneous nerve
The posterior/extensor compartment is occupied by _____ and is innervated by ________
triceps brachii, radial nerve
The extensor retinaculum is
fascia thickened posteriorly over the distal ends of radius and ulna to form a transverse band, this retains the extensor tendons in position
The flexor retinaculum is
fascia thickened anteriorly over distal ends of radius and ulna which converts the anterior concavity of the carpus into a carpal tunnel, through with flexor tendons and median nerve pass.
The forearm is divided into an anterior (flexor-pronator) and a posterior (extensor supinator) compartment by
The radius, ulna, the interosseous membrane connecting them, and the intermuscular septum
Most of the flexor-pronator muscles arise from the medial epicondyle of the humerus via
the common flexor tendon
Superficial layer on anterior forearm muscles (4)
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis (FCR), palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
Intermediate layer of the anterior forearm muscles (1)
flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
Deep layer of the anterior forearm muscles (3)
flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), flexor pollicis longus (FPL), pronator quadratus
All anterior forearm muscles are innervated by the median nerve EXCEPT (1.5)
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) and the medial half of Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), which are innervated by the ulnar nerve
The most superficial extensor muscles of the forearm arise from the ____ via the ___
lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon.
The deep extensor muscles of the forearm arise mostly from the (3)
posterior ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
All the extensor muscles of the forearm, as well as the brachioradialis muscle are innervated by the ____
radial nerve
_____ reduce friction between the extensor tendons and the bones
synovial sheaths
A flexor, known as the “beer drinking muscle”
brachioradialis (BR)
The “long” and “short” conversation muscles
Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
Wad of three
Brachioradialis (BR)
Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
The extensor tendons flatten to form ________ or _______ on the dorsal aspect of the digits.
dorsal digital expansions, extensor hoods
Ta-Ta position is caused by
Extensor hoods/ dorsal digital expansions wrapping around the metacarpaophalangeal joints, and attaching to the distal phalanx, with interossei and lumberical muscles attaching to the sides. During flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints by the lumberical and interossei muscles, the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints are pulled by the extensor expansions into nearly complete extension.
“Golf elbow” is a slang term for, which is _______
medial epicondylitis, tiny ruptures of the common flexor tendon after forecul repeated bending of the wrist and fingers.
