General

Question 1

Scoliosis

Answer 1

curvature of the spine, thoracic or lumbar

Question 2

Kyphosis

Answer 2

excess curvature of the thoracic vertebrae “roundback”

Question 3

Lordosis

Answer 3

excess curvature of the lumbar vertebrae

Question 4

Medial and Lateral intermuscular septae

Answer 4

the two compartments (anterior and posterior) dividing the arm by extensions of deep fascia

Question 5

The anterior/flexor compartment of the arm is occupied by (3) muscles, and innervated by _________

Answer 5

biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis, musculocutaneous nerve

Question 6

The posterior/extensor compartment is occupied by _____ and is innervated by ________

Answer 6

triceps brachii, radial nerve

Question 7

The extensor retinaculum is

Answer 7

fascia thickened posteriorly over the distal ends of radius and ulna to form a transverse band, this retains the extensor tendons in position

Question 8

The flexor retinaculum is

Answer 8

fascia thickened anteriorly over distal ends of radius and ulna which converts the anterior concavity of the carpus into a carpal tunnel, through with flexor tendons and median nerve pass.

Question 9

The forearm is divided into an anterior (flexor-pronator) and a posterior (extensor supinator) compartment by

Answer 9

The radius, ulna, the interosseous membrane connecting them, and the intermuscular septum

Question 10

Most of the flexor-pronator muscles arise from the medial epicondyle of the humerus via

Answer 10

the common flexor tendon

Question 11

Superficial layer on anterior forearm muscles (4)

Answer 11

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis (FCR), palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)

Question 12

Intermediate layer of the anterior forearm muscles (1)

Answer 12

flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

Question 13

Deep layer of the anterior forearm muscles (3)

Answer 13

flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), flexor pollicis longus (FPL), pronator quadratus

Question 14

All anterior forearm muscles are innervated by the median nerve EXCEPT (1.5)

Answer 14

Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) and the medial half of Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), which are innervated by the ulnar nerve

Question 15

The most superficial extensor muscles of the forearm arise from the ____ via the ___

Answer 15

lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon.

Question 16

The deep extensor muscles of the forearm arise mostly from the (3)

Answer 16

posterior ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane

Question 17

All the extensor muscles of the forearm, as well as the brachioradialis muscle are innervated by the ____

Answer 17

radial nerve

Question 18

_____ reduce friction between the extensor tendons and the bones

Answer 18

synovial sheaths

Question 19

A flexor, known as the “beer drinking muscle”

Answer 19

brachioradialis (BR)

Question 20

The “long” and “short” conversation muscles

Answer 20

Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)

Question 21

Wad of three

Answer 21

Brachioradialis (BR)
Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)

Question 22

The extensor tendons flatten to form ________ or _______ on the dorsal aspect of the digits.

Answer 22

dorsal digital expansions, extensor hoods

Question 23

Ta-Ta position is caused by

Answer 23

Extensor hoods/ dorsal digital expansions wrapping around the metacarpaophalangeal joints, and attaching to the distal phalanx, with interossei and lumberical muscles attaching to the sides. During flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints by the lumberical and interossei muscles, the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints are pulled by the extensor expansions into nearly complete extension.

Question 24

“Golf elbow” is a slang term for, which is _______

Answer 24

medial epicondylitis, tiny ruptures of the common flexor tendon after forecul repeated bending of the wrist and fingers.

Question 25

“Tennis elbow” is a slang term for ______ which is

Answer 25

lateral epicondylitis, when the common extensor tendon becomes painful and tender as a result of specific strain, overuse, or a direct bang.

Question 26

Intrinsic muscles of the hand categorized into 3 groups, and innervated by which 2 nerves

Answer 26

1. Thenar
2. Hypothenar
3. Central
   Median or ulnar nerves

Question 27

Ta-Ta is

Answer 27

flexion of MCP and extension of DIP and PIP

Question 28

Wrist drop is caused by

Answer 28

radial nerve damage/injury (hold arm horizontal to see if they can hold up their wrist)

Question 29

“Saturday night palsy” is a slang term for when

Answer 29

radial nerve is pinched over a long period of time and extremity falls asleep

Question 30

Thenar group (2)

Answer 30

Abductor pollicis brevis (APB)

Flexor pollicis brevis (FPB)

Question 31

Hypothenar group (2) are all innervated by the ________

Answer 31

Abductor digiti minimi (ADM)
Felxor digiti minimi brevis (FDMB)
Ulnar nerve

Question 32

Dorsal interosseous muscles are _____ interosseous muscles

Answer 32

REAL, they are actually in between bones

Question 33

DAB stand for

Answer 33

dorsal abductors

Question 34

Palmar interossei muscles are ______

Answer 34

not real interosseous muscles. They do PAD, TATA

Question 35

PAD stands for

Answer 35

palmar adduction