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Spain > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

What is the climate in the North West coast of Spain?

A

Moderate maritime with influence from the Atlantic.

Rainfall means high fungal disease risks.

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2
Q

What is the climate on the east coast of Spain, from the north (Catalina) to the south?

A

Warm Mediterranean.

Moderating influences such as altitude and of the sea.

Hotter further south.

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3
Q

What is the climate of the Meseta Central of Spain?

A

The large plateau in the centre of Spain has hot continental climate.

Freezing winter and very high temperatures in summer.

Limited rainfall.

Altitude sites provide diurnal range, moderating high summer temperatures.

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4
Q

What is the biggest natural hazard in Spain for viticulture?

A

Apart from north west of Spain, lack of water and heat are the biggest natural hazards.

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5
Q

What is the usual training method and planting density in spain and why?

A

Low density and bush vines.

Maximise water available and shading.

Trellising is slowing being introduced for machine harvesting.

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6
Q

What is the climate of Northern Spain?

A

More continental as sheltered from Atlantic influence by mountains, though there’s still some maritime influence.

To the eastern side of the north, some Mediterranean influences.

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7
Q

For reds wines in the Crianza category, what are the ageing requirements?

A 
Barrel = 12 months
Total = 24 months
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8
Q

For red wines, what are the ageing requirements for Reserva?

A 
Barrel = 12 months
Bottle = 6 months
Total = 36 months
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9
Q

For Gran Reserva red wines, what is the ageing requirements?

A 
Barrel = 24 months
Bottle = 24 months
Total = 60 months
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10
Q

For white and rose wines, what are the ageing requirements for Crianza?

A 
Barrel = 6 months
Total = 24 months
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11
Q

For white and rose wines, what are the ageing requirements for Reserva wines?

A 
Barrel = 6 months
Total = 24 months
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12
Q

For white and rose wines, what are the ageing requirements for Gran Reserva?

A 
Barrel = 6 months
Total = 48 months
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13
Q

Which type of wines in Spain May use carbonic or semi carbonic maceration?

A

Inexpensive and mid priced young reds

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14
Q

For premium reds and whites, are the use of oak vessel common for fermentation?

A

No, most common is temperature controlled stainless steel, with some using concrete and amphorae

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15
Q

With top white wines often ferment and/or mature in oak, how do producers enhance texture for wines that are not matured in oak?

A

Stored on the lees

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16
Q

For maturation in oak vessels, what is the maximum capacity for such vessels?

A

330 L

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17
Q

With the use of French oak on the rise in Spain, which DOs are leading the change?

A

Priorat
Penedes
Ribera del Duero

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18
Q

With most Spanish roses made in the traditional deeper coloured style with longer maceration and stainless steel tanks, what are the techniques for the most expensive rose wines?

A

Fermented and matured in oak or stored on lees.
Long maceration time.
Co ferment with black and white grapes.

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19
Q

Which DOCa in Spain specifies the use of 225L barriques for red wines

A

Rioja

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20
Q

Overall in Spain, why are Co-ops so important

A

Landholdings are small

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21
Q

With Spain’S domestic consumption being low and as the largest exporter in the world by volume, which are their key export markets?

A 
France
Germany 
UK
USA
China
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22
Q

Which Spanish DOCa use more French oak than American oak?

A

Rioja, for red wines

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23
Q

Which are the main grapes used in white riojas?

A 
Viura
Tempranillo Blanco
Malvasia
Garnacha Blanca 
Verdejo
Sauvignon Blanc
24
Q

Why is Garnacha more suited to Rioja Oriental?

A

It is warmer than Rioja Alta and Rioja Alavesa

25
Q

Which of the Rioja regions produce the lightest style of wines with most finesse and why?

A

Rioja Alavesa

Foothills of the Cantabrian mountains

26
Q

What role does the Cantabrian mountains play in Rioja?

A

Shield from the worst of the Atlantic weather

27
Q

Which Rioja regions have their climate moderated by the Atlantic Ocean more?

A

Rioja Alta and Rioja Alavesa

28
Q

Which Rioja regions have vineyards at higher altitudes?

A

Rioja Alavesa and Rioja Alta

29
Q

Why is Rioja Oriental warmest?

A

Less maritime influence and in general lower altitudes

Also rainfall can be low

30
Q

What are the natural factors impacting Navarra?

A

Climate similar to Rioja

Cooler and wetter nearer to foothills of the Pyrenees

31
Q

What are the grapes of Navarra and how they’re used?

A

Tempranillo - similar to Rioja
Garnacha - rose
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot

Viura
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc

32
Q

In the domestic market, what is the most popular red riojas?

A

Crianza

33
Q

What is the climate of Catalayud and Carinena and positive natural factors?

A

Warm continental

Cold wind and altitude

34
Q

What are the main grapes of Catalayud and Carinena?

A

Mainly Garnacha

Tiny bit of Carinena

35
Q

With most wines of Catalayud and Carinena being inexpensive wines for early drinking, how are their better wines made?

A

Old Garnacha vines and with larger old or new barrels

36
Q

How do climates vary in the 3 sub regions of Penedes?

A

Coastal plain is hottest with Mediterranean climate.

Further inland valleys are cooler but still warm.

On the hills with altitudes, climate is moderate.

37
Q

What are the main grapes of Penedes?

A 
Xarel-lo
Macabeo 
Parellada 
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc

Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon

38
Q

What is the climate of Priorat and any natural influences?

A

Warm Continental

Low annual rainfall.

Mountains protect from cold winds and Mediterranean influence.

High diurnal range.

39
Q

What are the main grapes of Priorat?

A

Old vines Garnacha and Carinena

40
Q

In red winemaking in Priorat, what are the intricacies?

A

Cultured yeasts as ambient yeasts can be slow and last many weeks.

Stainless steel fermentation vessel or large oak fermentation vats

Often French oak for maturation for 1-2 years.

41
Q

What are the training methods in Priorat?

A

Bush vines on steep slopes.

Where possible trelllised VSP is used for mechanisation.

42
Q

What is the climate of Ribera del Duero?

A

Continental climate as surrounded by a ring of mountains.

Hot summers and cold winters.

High altitudes provide cool night time temperatures for acidity and fresh fruits.

43
Q

In Ribera del Duero, what are the main winemaking points?

A

French oak is popular but American oak still used.

Long maceration for fruit flavours and tannins but trends towards less extracted wines.

Common for premium to have over 50% new oak.

44
Q

What is the climate and main grape of Toro?

A

Continental similar to Ribera del Duero.

Tempranillo.

45
Q

What is the climate of Rueda and the main varieties?

A

Continental with hot summers and cold winters.

Altitudes.

Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc

46
Q

In general is MLC used in Rueda and what are the main winemaking methods for their most expensive wines?

A

MLC is avoided for all styles.

Fermented and/or matured in oak.

47
Q

What is the climate of Rias Baixas?

A

Moderate maritime.

Hence pergola training still popular.

48
Q

What is the main grape of Rias Baixas?

A

Albarino

49
Q

With exports of Rias Baixas wines increasing to 25%, which are their main markets?

A

USA and UK

50
Q

In which Spanish DO would you find teh white grape Treixadura?

A

Ribeiro DO

51
Q

What is the climate of Ribeira Sacra in Galicia and Bierzo in Castillo y Leon?

A

Mainly moderate Continental with some maritime influence.

52
Q

What is the main grape in Ribeira Sacra and Bierzo?

A

Mencia

53
Q

What is the climate of Valencia and Murcia?

A

Warm Mediterranean climate with moderating influence either from altitude or proximity to the sea

54
Q

What is the most planted grape in Valencia?

A

Monastrell

55
Q

What is the main grape of Alicante, Jumilla and Yecla, and do maturation in oak happen?

A

Monastrell.

Oak maturation is common.

56
Q

What is the climate of La Mancha and the most common wine styles?

A

Continental with very hot summers and very cold winters, low rainfall.

Generally inexpensive high volume wines, almost half exported.

Neutral whites using the Airen grape.

Fruity style red with short oak contact from Tempranillo.

57
Q

What is the climate of Valdepenas and wine style?

A

Continental with hot summers and cold winters, similar to La Mancha.

Tempranillo grapes, inexpensive to mid priced.

Red fruits with spice from oak.

Spain (1 decks)

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