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PPO Training > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

Protection Principles

A
  1. protect people from resource
  2. protect resource from people
  3. protect people from people
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2
Q

Role of the Park Patrol

A
  • # 1 in communication
  • create a good impression
  • appear professional
  • look at people when speaking to them
  • be patient/keep your temper
  • avoid argument, criticism, or judgement
  • develop the ability to deal with the public while in stressful situations
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3
Q

In every encounter

A

there are three parties involved:

  1. department
  2. officer
  3. subject
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4
Q

What is the goal of enforcement?

A

voluntary compliance

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5
Q

federal government

A

has jurisdiction over matters that are national in nature (national defense, postal services, and criminal law)

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6
Q

provincial government

A

has jurisdiction over matters that were more local in nature such as property and civil rights and natural resources

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7
Q

Canadian Constitution section 7. Life liberty and security of person

A

“everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice”

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8
Q

Canadian Constitution section 8. Search and Seizure

A

“everyone has the right to be secure against unreasonable search or seizure”

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9
Q

Canadian Constitution section 9. Detention or Imprisonment

A

“everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned”

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10
Q

Canadian Constitution section 10. Arrest or Detention

A

“everyone has the right on arrest or detention

a. to be informed promptly of the reasons therefore;
b. to retain and instruct counsel without delay and to be informed of that right; and
c. to have the validity of the detention determined by way of habeas corpus and to be released if the detention is not lawful

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11
Q

Canadian Constitution section 11. Proceedings in Criminal and Penal Matters

A

Any person charged with an offence has the right

a-i

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12
Q

Canadian Constitution section 12. Treatment or Punishment

A

“everyone has the right not to be subjected to any cruel and unusual treatment or punishment”

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13
Q

Canadian Constitution section 13. Self-incrimination

A

(summation) “everyone has the right to be protected against self-incrimination”

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14
Q

Canadian Constitution section 14. Interpreter

A

“A party or witness in any proceedings who does not understand or speak the language in which the proceedings are conducted or who is deaf has the right to the assistance of an interpreter”

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15
Q

Classification of an Offense

A
  1. Indictable
  2. Summary Conviction
  3. Dual Procedure/Hybrid Offense
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16
Q

Indictable Offense

A

involve acts or omissions prohibited by Federal Acts which are serious in nature ex) murder, rape, involve more time, expense

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17
Q

Summary Conviction

A

less serious criminal offences under Federal statutes and include all offences under provincial legislation

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18
Q

Dual Procedure/Hybrid Offense

A

some offenses may be prosecuted by either indictable or summary conviction. ex) carry concealed weapon, fish habitat destruction, all fisheries act offenses are dual procedure

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19
Q

Full mens rea

A

the crown must prove both the Actus Reus and Mens Rea aspect of an offense

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20
Q

Strict Liability

A

crown has proven that the accused has performed a prohibited act. The accused has the chance to exculpate himself by demonstrating that he has taken due diligence to avoid committing the offense. Most Fisheries Act offenses fall in this category.

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21
Q

Absolute Liability

A

like strict liability except there is no due diligence defense. The mere fact that a violation occurred is sufficient to convict.

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22
Q

Due Diligence

A

defense of taking all reasonable care to avoid committing an offence. Defendant must satisfy all of the requirements:

  1. act was committed to avoid immediate peril
  2. no other reasonable alternative existed
  3. the harm caused by the defendant was less than the harm avoided and
  4. they could not have foreseen the emergency
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23
Q

Reasonable and Probably Grounds (RPG)

A

To lay a charge you must have RPG. “the honest belief of the existence of a state of circumstances which, assuming them to be true, would reasonably lead an ordinary prudent cautious man, placed in the position of the accuser, to the conclusion that the person charged was probably guilty of the crime indicated”

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24
Q

Authority to write tickets

A

Provincial Offenses Act Subsection 7(1)
allows an enforcement officer who believes on reasonable grounds that a person has committed an offence for which there is a pre-set fine may commence a prosecution for that offence by completing a ticket in the prescribed form

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25
Q

Commencing proceeding a ticket

A

must have a pre-set fine and must be signed and dated by the Officer

26
Q

Responding to a ticket

A

three ways to respond to a ticker

  1. pay the fine indicated on the ticket
  2. admit to the offence but seek a reduction in the fine or more time to pay the fine
  3. dispute the charge and request a hearing
27
Q

Authority to seize evidence

A

under section 33(2) of The Provincial Offenses Act

28
Q

When can a peace officer make an arrest

A

under the Provincial Offenses Act 47(1) to:
1. establish the person’s identity
2. secure or preserve evidence relating to the offense
3, prevent the continuation or repetition of the offense or the commission of another offense

29
Q

How to Effect an Arrest

A

officer only needs “reasonable suspicion” to detain.
officer must have “reasonable grounds” to arrest.
Steps to follow:
1. identify yourself
2. place person under arrest by identifying your intention and taking control of the person
3. inform the person of charge
4. inform person of their legal rights (Charter Warning)

30
Q

Reasonable force may be used to…

A
  1. stop dangerous and unlawful behaviour
  2. protect the peace officer or another person from injury
  3. protect the suspect from self-injury
  4. over come resistance to a lawful arrest
  5. prevent the escape of an arrested officer
31
Q

reasonable grounds

A

a set of conditions or circumstances that would cause an ordinary, prudent individual to form a strong belief which goes beyond mere suspicion

32
Q

use of force goal?

A
  • voluntary compliance

- to resolve without use of force

33
Q

Based on the criminal code of authority for an officer to use force; under what circumstances (3) is the officer protected from criminal and civil liability?

A
  1. he/she uses force in the lawfully executing of duties
  2. his/her actions are necessary based on reasonable grounds
  3. force is not excessive
34
Q

What is resistance?

A

any action by another person that hinders your objective in the lawful execution of your duties

35
Q

to justify force you must do three things (use of force framework)

A
  1. evaluate the subjects actions
  2. understand your force options
  3. take all circumstances into account to select a force option that is necessary to control the situation
36
Q

survival reaction time

A

in any situation officers need to:

  • perceive
  • assess
  • plan a response
  • act on the situation
37
Q

threat assessment

A

weapon, delivery system, intent

38
Q

force variables

A

number of subjects, reaction time, subjects abilities (known/perceived)

39
Q

one plus one doctrine

A

the one plus one doctrine is when the level of resistance can be countered by one level of force higher

40
Q

level of resistance

A
  • psychological intimidation
  • verbal non compliance
  • passive resistance
  • defensive resistance
  • assaultive behaviour
  • grievous bodily harm/death
41
Q

level of control

A
  • officer presence
  • verbal direction
  • soft empty hand
  • hard empty hand
  • intermediate weapon
  • lethal force
42
Q

psychological intimidation

A

-this level involves your evaluation of a subject’s non-verbal body language ex) size, gang tattoos/colours, intimating insults

43
Q

verbal non-compliance

A

-any verbal response from a person indicating unwillingness to comply ex) threats, boosts of fighting skills

44
Q

Passive resistance

A

-lowest level of physical resistance. person refuses to respond to directions, but does not attempt to defeat physical contact ex) subject goes limp and makes you lift them

45
Q

defensive resistance

A

-physical efforts that that interfere with office’s attempts at control. no attempt to strike or assault officers. ex) pulling or running away from officers

46
Q

assaultive behaviour

A

-person assaults or threatens to assault officer or other persons and the officer believes that the assault will not have the ability to cause death or grievous bodily harm ex) punches, kicks, adopting a fighting stance

47
Q

grievous bodily harm or death

A

-person may use a technique or weapon that could result in grievous bodily harm or death ex) very strong/skilled person who may cause this with empty hand techniques

48
Q

officer presence

A

presence of an officer is enough to elicit compliance and cooperation ex) uniform, badge, marked vechile

49
Q

verbal direction

A

effective communication can gain, or regain, voluntary compliance through clear verbal commands

50
Q

soft empty hand control

A

physical control techniques that have a low potential for injuring a person ex) holding an arm, joint locks with hyperextension or hyper flexion, pressure point control

51
Q

hard empty hand control

A

physical control techniques that have a higher probability of injuring a person, but are not intended to cause grievous bodily harm or death ex) striking techniques using an open hand, fist, forearm, leg, or foot

52
Q

intermediate weapon

A

intent is temporarily incapacitate a person by overcoming their resistance ex) baton, OC spray

53
Q

lethal force

A

any force likely to, or with the potential to, cause grievous bodily harm or death

54
Q

under what 4 circumstances would the use of deadly force be justified?

A
  1. officer life is at risk
  2. public life is at risk
  3. officer is at risk of grievous bodily harm
  4. public is at risk of grievous bodily harm
55
Q

What’re an officers alternatives or options when they ‘Act’?

A

Escalate, de-escalate, tactically repostion/disengage, communicate

56
Q

10 Deadly Errors

A
  1. Bad attitude
  2. Taking a bad position
  3. Failure to recognize danger signals
  4. Poor or no body search
  5. Failure to handcuff
  6. Failure to Watch Hands
  7. Relaxing too soon
  8. False assumptions
  9. Sleepy or asleep on duty
  10. Tombstone courage
57
Q

Body alarm reactions

A
  1. Coordination
  2. Critical decision making
  3. Unreliable mental track
  4. Tunnel vision
  5. Auditory exclusion
  6. General muscle tightening
  7. Time/space distortion
  8. Unrealistic expectations
58
Q

Plus one Rule

A

Always assume there is another threat, do not assume you know the whole picture. If you see one subject, assume there is another. Keep alert so the “plus one” does not surprise you

59
Q

Verbal Judo

A

Tactical 8 Steps:

  1. Greeting
  2. ID yourself
  3. Reason for your stop/encounter
  4. Ask for legal justification
  5. Driver, angling or hunting license
  6. Other ID, registration
  7. Decision
  8. Appropriate closure
60
Q

5 step “hard style”

A
  1. Ask
  2. Set context
  3. Present options
  4. Confirmation
  5. Act
61
Q

7 Tactical Principles

A
  1. Cover vs. Concealment
  2. Threat cues
  3. Time/distance ratio
  4. One plus one rule
  5. Verbalization
  6. De-escalate/disengage
  7. Survival mentality

PPO Training (1 decks)

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