Gene & the environment

Question 1

epigenetics modification

Answer 1

stable and heritable alterations in gene expression and cellular function without changes to the original DNA sequence

Question 2

DNA methylation

Answer 2

addition of a methyl group onto the 5th carbon of a pyrimidine ring on cytosines (5mC) → blocks the protein to attach from the DNA

Question 3

histone modification

Answer 3

posttranslational modifications on the tails of core histones can switch a favourable or unfavourable chromatin status for gene transcription

Question 4

non-codingRNAs

Answer 4

epigenetic regulators in cell differentiation especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) → can induce histone modifications