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Biology module 6 > Gene Technology > Flashcards

Gene Technology Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the process of genetic engineering

A
  • removing a gene from an organism
  • inserting it into another organism
  • the gene works in the new organism
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2
Q

What can bacteria be genetically engineered to produce?

A

Insulin, human growth hormone

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3
Q

What can a persons DNA be used to produce?

A

A DNA fingerprint

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4
Q

What can a DNA fingerprint be used to identify?

A

A person because a person’s DNA is unique

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5
Q

What is a transgenic organism?

A

The new type of organism produced by genetic engineering

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6
Q

Describe the main stages in genetic engineering

A
  • identification of a desired gene in one organism
  • removal of gene from DNA
  • cutting open the DNA in another organism
  • inserting the new gene into the DNA
  • gene works in transgenic organism
  • transgenic organism can be cloned to produce identical copies
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7
Q

What is the cutting and inserting of DNA achieved using?

A

Enzymes

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8
Q

What are restriction enzymes?

A

Used to cut open DNA to leave sticky ends

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9
Q

What are ligase enzymes?

A

Used to rejoin DNA strands

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10
Q

What are plasmids?

A

The bacterial DNA loop

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11
Q

Describe how bacteria can be used in genetic engineering to produce human insulin

A
  • the gene for producing human insulin is cut out of human DNA
  • a loop of bacterial DNA is cut open
  • the insulin gene is inserted into the loop
  • the loop is inserted into a bacterium
  • the bacteria are then able to produce insulin
  • transgenic bacteria are cultured using cloning
  • large quantities of insulin are harvested
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12
Q

Explain how plasmids can be taken up by bacteria and can be used as vectors in genetic engineering

A

The bacterial loops of DNA exist in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell. These plasmids can be taken up by bacteria and used as vectors in genetic engineering.

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13
Q

What technique is used to check that the new gene has been correctly transferred?

A

Assaying

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14
Q

Describe the arguments for and against the storage of DNA fingerprints

A
  • invasion of privacy especially if DNA samples are taken from those committing minor offence or even members of the general public
  • have been many examples of crimes committed decades ago that has been solved by re-opening the case and using DNA fingerprinting technology
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15
Q

Describe the stages in the production of a DNA fingerprint

A
  • extraction of DNA from sample
  • fragmentation of DNA using restriction enzymes
  • separation using electrophoresis
  • visualising pattern using a radioactive probe
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16
Q

Describe genetic engineering

A

Altering the genetic code of an organism by inserting genes

Biology module 6 (8 decks)

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