Gene Relations Flashcards
an organisms genetic makeup
genotype
phenotype
what you actually see, physical characteristics
homozygous
two dominant alleles, or two recessive alleles
heterozygous
a mixture of a dominant and recessive allele
original parents
p1
first generation
F1
second generation
F2
multiple alleles
three or more alleles of the same trait
polygenic
gene controlled by two or more genes
- hair color, skin color, height
incomplete dominance
a situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over the other
situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism, and you can actually see both.
codominance
phenotypes that fall into two or more distinct non overlapping classes.
Ex- blood type, theres only 4 types of blood group
discontinuous variation
phenotypic characters that are distributed from one extreme to another in an overlapping fashion
ex height
continuous variation
polygenic traits resulting from interactions of two or more genes one or more environmental factors.
multifactorial traits
What pattern do polygenic traits follow?
bell-shaped curve
chance a disease occurs in a family
empiric risk
the frequency of a disease
incidence
powerful, widespread
prevalence
the degree of variation of a phenotypic trait
heritability
the probability that two individuals share an allele due to recent common ancestry.
the coefficient of relatedness
parents with extreme phenotype tend to have offspring with a mix
regression to the mean
filed that explains how cells can turn off or on in response to the environment
epigenetics
variation caused by genetics
genetic variance
variation caused by the environment
environmental variance
