Gene regulation in Eukaryotes Flashcards
1
Q
Purpose of Protein Phosphorylation
A
- Helps regulate protein function
- Phosphates are added by Protein Kinases
- Dephosphorylation is managed by Protein Phosphatases
2
Q
Specific Amino Acids that are phosphorylated
A
- In eukaryotes, only 3 amino acids are subjected to phosphorylation, which are:
+ Serine -> Phospho-Ser
+ Threonine -> Phospho-Thr
+ Tyrosine -> Phospho-Tyr
3
Q
Things regulated by protein phosphorylation + dephosphorylation
A
- Transcription
- mRNA stability
- Translation
- Protein stability
4
Q
Activators
A
- Stimulates transcription
- 3 types:
+ True activators
+ Anti-repressors
+ Architectural proteins
5
Q
Co-activators
A
Connects activators to basal transcriptional machinery ie Mediatory Complex
6
Q
Repressors
A
Inhibits transcription
7
Q
True activators
A
Interacts directly or via mediator with basal transcriptional machinery
8
Q
Anti-repressors
A
Stimulates chromatin remodelling, recruits KATs/HATs
9
Q
KATs
A
Lysine Acetyl-Transferases
10
Q
HATs
A
Histone Acetyl-Transferases
11
Q
Architectural proteins
A
- Binds + bends DNA + mediates interactions between distant sequences in the genome ie YY1, Sp1
- Doesn’t direct transcription by itself + doesn’t interact with the machinery itself
- Generally work in large numbers to bend the DNA + bring the transcription factors together
12
Q
Mediator complex
A
- A complex that mediates interactions between transcription factors, architectural proteins + basal machinery to influence RNAP activity
- Comprised of MED# proteins
