gene expressions

Question 1

what are the importance of gene expression?

Answer 1

for therapeutic agent dev’t, pathogenic and cancer

Question 2

what are the 2 levels of regulation?

Answer 2

transcription and translation

Question 3

what is transcription?

Answer 3

changing amt of mRNA

Question 4

what is translation for?

Answer 4

regulates mRNa to protein

Question 5

What are the 2 gene regulation?

Answer 5

positive regulation and negative regulation

Question 6

what is positive regulation?

Answer 6

an enhancer or activator, increases expression in the presence of a gene regulator

Question 7

what is negative regulation?

Answer 7

silencer/repressor, decreases regulation when there is a regulator

Question 8

What is present in the bacteriophage lambda model?

Answer 8

lysogenic, lytic and switch

Question 9

what is lysogenic?

Answer 9

lambda remains until activated

Question 10

what is lytic?

Answer 10

already activated inside the host

Question 11

what are the switch and functions?

Answer 11

cro that repress CI and CI that maintains lysogenic by repressing early lytic

Question 12

What is an inducible gene?

Answer 12

high regulators, low basal rate

Question 13

what are constitutive gene?

Answer 13

constant, a housekeeping gene

Question 14

What is the type A temporal response of a regulatory gene?

Answer 14

gene expression= signal, inducers, present in prokaryotes

Question 15

What is the type B temporal response of a regulatory gene?

Answer 15

gene expressions short peak= signal, response-desensitization-recovery, pharmacological agents

Question 16

What is the type C temporal response of a regulatory gene?

Answer 16

gene expression prolong=signal, tissue organ

Question 17

protein coding genes in prokaryotic gene expression?

Answer 17

operon and cistron

Question 18

what is operon?

Answer 18

segment of DNA with adjacent genes that is structural, operator and regulatory, the functional unit of transcription and genetic regulation

Question 19

what is cistron?

Answer 19

genetic unit that code single polypeptide, shortest unit of genetic expression

Question 20

what is polycistron mRNA?

Answer 20

codes more than one polypeptide eg: lac operon

Question 21

what is the lac operon model for?

Answer 21

lactose metabolism

Question 22

LacI

Answer 22

lac operon repressor, negative regulator

Question 23

CRE

Answer 23

cAMP, CAP, positive regulator

Question 24

LacZ

Answer 24

B-galactosidase, hydrolyzes B-galactosidase galactose to glucose

Question 25

LacY

Answer 25

permease

Question 26

LacA

Answer 26

thiogalactoside transacetylase

Question 27

Eukaryotic gene transciption

Answer 27

transcriptional, post transcriptional, chromatin, epigenetic

Question 28

regulation of chromatin

Answer 28

PTMs(postranslational modification)

Question 29

Protein machinery from PTMs

Answer 29

code writers (catalyse), code readers (recognise, bind and interpret), code eraser (remove)

Question 30

characteristic of epigenetic

Answer 30

control of gene transcription, behaviors and environment do not change DNA, cis and trans signals

Question 31

elements of eukaryotic gene transcription

Answer 31

enhancers (promoter site), reporters (modulate gene expression), insulators (prevents enhancers) and LCR (locus control region) which contains clster of genes

Question 32

what are the motifs of eukaryotic gene transcription

Answer 32

helix turn helix, zinc finger, leucine zipper

Question 33

helix-turn-helix

Answer 33

symmetric palindrome, high affinity to specific site and low to others

Question 34

leucine zipper

Answer 34

binds 2-9x