Gene Expression Vocab Quiz

Question 1

What does a double helix look like in DNA

Answer 1

Two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted
ladder. The strands are complementary —they fit together and are the opposite of each other.

Question 1

The small units, or monomers, that make
up DNA are called ____

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

The base pairing rule (Similar to Chargaff’s rule)

Answer 2

Thymine (T) always pairs with adenine (A), and cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G) (Chargaff’s rule is that they equal each other)

Question 3

Replication

Answer 3

Process by which DNA is copied during the S phase of cell cycle

Question 4

DNA polymerase

Answer 4

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule

Question 5

The main difference between the four nucleotides that make up DNA is that they have different

Answer 5

Nitrogenous bases

Question 6

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication takes place in the

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

When new DNA molecules are formed, almost all errors are detected and fixed by

Answer 7

DNA polymerase

Question 8

Three parts of a nucleotide

Answer 8

A phosphate group, a ring-shaped sugar called
deoxyribose, and a nitrogen-containing base

Question 9

Steps of replication

Answer 9

1. A DNA molecule unzips as nucleotide base pairs separate. Replication begins on both strands of the molecule at the same time

2​. ​Each existing strand of the DNA molecule is a template for a new strand. Free-floating nucleotides pair up with the exposed bases on each template strand. DNA polymerases bond these nucleotides together to form the new strands.

3​. Two identical double-stranded DNA molecules result from
replication. DNA replication is semiconservative. That is, each
DNA molecule contains an original strand and one new strand.

Question 10

Central dogma of biology

Answer 10

The central dogma describes the flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins. It involves three major processes
1. Replication, as you just learned, copies DNA (blue arrow).
2. Transcription converts a DNA message into an intermediate molecule, called RNA (red arrow).
3. Translation interprets an RNA message into a string of amino acids, called a polypeptide. Either a single polypeptide or many polypeptides working together make up a protein (green arrow).​

Question 11

RNA

Answer 11

A chain of nucleotides, each made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base. It is a temporary copy of DNA that is used and then destroyed.​

Question 12

Transcription

Answer 12

The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a
complementary strand of RNA

Question 13

RNA polymerases

Answer 13

Enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make
a new RNA molecule.

Question 14

mRNA

Answer 14

An intermediate message that is translated to
form a protein.

Question 15

rRNA

Answer 15

Forms part of ribosomes, a cell’s protein factories.

Question 16

tRNA

Answer 16

Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome
to help make the growing protein. ​

Question 17

Translation

Answer 17

The process that converts, or translates, an mRNA message into a
polypeptide

Question 18

Stop codons

Answer 18

Signal the end of an amino acid chain

Question 19

Start codons

Answer 19

Signal the start of translation and the amino acid methionine

Question 20

Anticodon

Answer 20

A set of three nucleotides that is complementary
to an mRNA codon

Question 21

What is different about the bases of RNA

Answer 21

Instead of Thymine, Uracil is paired with Adenine.

Question 22

How many amino acids are used to make up all of the proteins in the human body

Answer 22

20

Question 23

Codon

Answer 23

A three-nucleotide sequence that codes
for an amino acid

Question 24

Mutation

Answer 24

A change in an organism’s DNA

Question 25

Point mutation

Answer 25

A mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted
for another. That is, an incorrect nucleotide is put in the place of the
correct nucleotide.

Question 26

Frameshift mutation

Answer 26

Involves the insertion or deletion of a
nucleotide in the DNA sequence

Question 27

Gene duplication

Answer 27

A type of chromosomal mutation in which If the chromosomes do not align with each other when crossing over for meiosis, these segments may be different in size. As a result, one chromosome may have two copies of a gene or genes

Question 28

Translocation

Answer 28

Another type of chromosomal mutation. In translocation, a piece of one chromosome moves to a nonhomologous chromosome.

Question 29

Mutagens

Answer 29

Agents in the environment that can change DNA, such as UV rays

Question 30

Internal factors of gene expression

Answer 30

The genetic makeup of a zygote