Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gene Expression > Gene Expression Final Review > Flashcards

Gene Expression Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Given the equation: deltaG = 2.303RTlog[Ci]/[Co] + ZF deltaEm:

Assuming that Na+ ions are 15 times more concentrated outside the cells than inside the cells what will be the free energy for the transport of Na+ ions through the membrane?

A

-3.26 Kcal/mol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Using this equation: 2.303RTlog[Ci]/[Co] + ZF deltaEm:
getting a negative value for free-energy means:

A

the specific solute/ion will diffuse into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

For calculation of free energy for the diffusion of uncharged solutes across a membrane we need to use

A

Another, more simpler equation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The octanol-water partition coefficient is generally in direct correlation with:

A

The permeability of the membrane for solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The _____ of molecules is a variable that affects their permeability by diffusion across the membrane>

A

size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypertonic solution is a solution that _______

A

has a higher solute concentration than the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The water is crossing the membrane by ______

A

All are correct (osmosis, aquaporin channel, diffusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Channels can transport ions ____

A

Bidirectionally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The potassium ion channel (KcsA) is a ____

A

voltage-gated channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The selectivity filter in the potassium ion channel selects ____

A

specifically for potassium ions and against sodium and other ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Facilitated diffusion such as transporting glucose is a form of:

A

Positive transport which has enzyme like kinetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Na+/K+ pump _____

A

Transfers 2 potassium ions in and 3 sodium ions out in each cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Na+/K+ pump _____

A

Utilizes ATP as a source of energy, and can transfer solutes from a lower concentration to a higher one.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The H+/ATPase pumps in the parietal cells ____

A

pumps protons in the stomach chamber once translocated to the membranes by the activity of hormones and then histamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the following are organelles are part of the endomembrane system?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, endosomes, lysosomes, vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

BIP and calnexin are ______

A

chaperones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Davson-Danielli model is:

A

a model that included proteins as part of the membranes because lipid solubility alone couldn’t explain membrane permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the following statements characterizes phosphoglycerides THE BEST?

A

They have a polar head group including phosphate, a glycerol backbone, and two fatty acid chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Liposomes can be used to specifically deliver _____

A

aqueous-soluable and lipid-soluable drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
Glycolipids ______

A

are lipids that are non-covalently linked to carbohydrates

21
Q

Freeze-fracture replication is a method that ______

A

is used to explore the distribution of membrane associated integral proteins

22
Q

The protein Lucky, with 3 transmembrane domains, has at the N-terminus of it the sequence residues: GRKHKRRLKR. The C-terminus of Lucky has the following residue sequence: TADMGENGRSP (K=lysine and R=arginine, both basic and positively charged). Where would the N-terminus and the C-terminus of the protein Sunshine be localized on your prediction?

A

N-terminus inside the cell and C-terminus outside the cell

23
Q

EPR - electron paramagnetic resonance is a method that allows _____

A

to determine the spacial and temporal organization of transmembrane domains of integral proteins

24
Q

Which of the following statements if INCORRECT?
Lipid anchored proteins ____

A

always need an oligosaccharide to link them to a membrane lipid

25
Q

Membrane fluidity and lipid movement is important for:

A

cell movement

26
Q

Which of the following amino acid/s can from a hydrogen bond in a physiological pH

A

Cystine

27
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?

A

some proteins don’t have tertiary structure

28
Q

Proteins that are stably associated with each other are considered:

A

a stable multiprotein complex

29
Q

A heterotrimer is a:

A

protein that is made up of three subunits some of them are different

30
Q

Given are four in vitro reactions that their K’eq values are as follows:
1. 10^-2
2. 10^-4
3. 10^2
4. 10^4
Which of these reaction will have the highest negative standard free energy?

A

reaction 4

31
Q

When a restriction enzyme has a positive standard free energy, what does it tell us about this reaction?

A

It is and endergonic reaction

32
Q

The forward reaction of ATP+H2O > ADP +Pi in the cell has a standard free energy deltaG= -11.5 kcal/mol. What will be the deltaG” of the backward reaction in vivo?

A

It will be 11.5 kcal/mol

33
Q

Enzymes cannot make an unfavorable/endergonic reaction to favorable.
What is your response to this statement?

A

It is incorrect

34
Q

If a single enzyme can catalyze 560 reaction during 8 seconds, at saturating substrate concentrations, the turnover number of this enzyme is:

A

70

35
Q

The active site of the enzyme is ______

A

the site of the enzyme directly involved in binding the substrate/s

36
Q

Changing substrate reactivity by maintaining precise substrate orientation is ______

A

one of the mechanism by which enzymes catalyze reactions and reduce the activation energy

37
Q

When comparing an enzymatic reaction in the presence of competitive enzyme inhibitor to the uninhibited reaction, the inhibited reaction will _________

A

have the same Vmax but higher Km

38
Q

If in a certain double stranded DNA, 35% of the bases are thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine in the same DNA strand?

A

15%

39
Q

In a thermal denaturation curve of two different double stranded DNA species (with the same size of DNA fragments), one Tm was 82C, and the second Tm was 85C.
Can we tell which double stranded DNA had more cystine-guanine base pairs relatively to adenine-thymine base pairs?

A

Yes, we can tell, and it’s the DNA with higher Tm

40
Q

Susan is suing Jerry in court trying to prove his paternity ver her child. What type of biological assay can be used to prove her case?

A

DNA fingerprinting utilizing minisatellite DNA variability

41
Q

What does RNA Pol 1 transcribe?

A

rRNA

42
Q

What does RNA Pol 2 transcribe?

A

mRNA, snRNA, snoRNA

43
Q

What does RNA Pol 3 transcribe?

A

rRNA, tRNA, snRNA

44
Q

Which is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

A

transcribing DNA

45
Q

The enzyme that attached appropriate amino acid onto its tRNA is:

A

Amino acyl tRNA synthetase

46
Q

Which gene below A or B is more likely to be turned ON?
A: unmethylated
B: methylated

A

A

47
Q

The antibiotic erythromycin disrupts protein synthesis by preventing ribosomal translocation (movement of the ribosome relative to the mRNA). It does not affect any other step in protein synthesis. Suppose you are doing a translation reaction in vitro and you add erythromycin just before the 3rd polypeptide bond is about to be formed. You wait a few minutes and look at the ribosome.

Which factor is most likely inhibited by erythromycin?

The carboxyl end of amino acid #3 should now be covalently attached to:

A
  1. EF-G
  2. the charged tRNA bound to A site
48
Q

The cytoskeleton is made up of three different components: microtubules consisting of tubulin, intermediate filaments consisting of various proteins with similar structure, and microfilaments consisting of actin (also call actin filaments). Together they play a critical role in cellular structure, support and spatial organization, intracellular transport, contractility and motility, and cell adhesion.
Connect the following cytoskeletal functions to the component(s) most responsible for them.
1. Intracellular transport
2. Contractiliity and Motiliity
3. Cell adhesion

A
  1. microtubules and microfilaments
  2. microfilaments only
  3. intermediate filaments and microfilaments

Gene Expression (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions