Gene Expression Definitions Flashcards
Amino Acids
Building blocks of proteins that are specified by a given mRNA codon
Anti-codon
A sequence of 3 bases on tRNA that match to an mRNA, and carry amino acids
Coding strand
The strand of DNA that has the exact same sequence as the mRNA (with U instead of T)
Codon
A sequence of 3 bases in mRNA that match to an anti-codon
Enzymes
A type of protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up reactions (such as the conversion of one substrate to another)
mRNA
Messenger RNA that carries the genetic information for ONE gene from the nucleus to a ribosome
Metabolic Pathway
A series of enzyme catalysed reactions in which the product of each enzyme is a reactant for the next, until the final product is made
What is a nucleotide made of?
Phosphate, sugar, and a base
Genetic code redundancy
One amino acid can be coded for by multiple different codons
Polypeptide chain
A sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Ribosome
The structure outside of the nucleus where the mRNA is translated to a protein
Template Strand
The strand of DNA that mRNA is copied off of
Transcription
The process of making mRNA from DNA
tRNA
Transfer RNA, containing an anti-codon and matching amino acid. Binds to the mRNA.
Translation
The process of making a protein from mRNA
