Gene Expression and Regulation

Question 1

What mechanisms regulate gene expression.

Answer 1

Activators, Repressors, DNA methylation, histone modification.

Question 2

Transcription factors:

Answer 2

Proteins that bind to specific DNA sites to enhance or inhibit RNA polymerase binding.

Question 3

Transcriptional control:

Answer 3

Regulates how much and whether a gene is transcribed into mRNA

Question 4

Translational control:

Answer 4

Regulates how much and whether mRNA is translated into protein

Question 5

Post-translational control:

Answer 5

Regulates whether a protein is active or inactive, and whether it is stable or degraded

Question 6

Transcription factors:

Answer 6

Proteins that bind to specific DNA sites to enhance or inhibit RNA polymerase binding

Question 7

Activators:

Answer 7

Transcription factors that induce gene expression

Question 8

Repressors:

Answer 8

Transcription factors that reduce gene expression

Question 9

DNA methylation:

Answer 9

A chemical modification of DNA that regulates gene expression

Question 10

Histone modification:

Answer 10

A chemical modification of histones that regulates gene expression

Question 11

Operon

Answer 11

A regulatory unit that includes: a promotor (where RNA polymerase attaches), an operator (this will enhance or impede RNA polymerase) and the gene sequence to produce a polypeptide.