Gene Expression and Regulation Flashcards
All nucleotides have
A five carbon sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
A five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides
Deoxyribose
A five-carbon sugar present in RNA
Ribose
Bonds between phosphate group and pentose sugar in nucleic acids.
Phosphodiester Bonds
Who discovered the structure of the DNA?
watson, crick, and franklin
3’ and 5’ hydroxyl ends of the DNA strands are
Antiparallel Strands
DNA strands are linked together via
Hydrogen Bonds
Protein molecules around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
Histones
Group of histones
Nucleosome
The less condensed form of eukaryotic chromatin that is available for transcription.
Euchromatin
Eukaryotic chromatin that remains highly compacted during interphase and is generally not transcribed.
Heterochromatin
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
DNA unzips into two parts and splits with the cell. In it’s new home each side of the DNA strand attach to matching nucleotides to create 2 exact copies.
DNA replication
An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
Helicase
A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.
Replication Fork
Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides.
Origins of Replication
enzymes that prevent DNA supercoiling
Topoisomerases
Enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule. can only add them to 3’ side.
DNA Polymerase
