Gene Expression Flashcards
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change in the quantity or structure of the DNA of an organism
What is a gene mutation?
A change to one or more (including rearrangement) of the nucleotide bases
When does a chromosome mutation occur?
Spontaneously during meiosis (anaphase 1 and 2) change in chromosome number
What are the causes of gene mutations?
They occur spontaneously, they may arise during cellular mechanisms. The mutation probablility may be increased by mutagenic agents
What are two examples of mutagenic agents?
Chemicals (bromine compounds)
Ionising radiation (x rays) and high energy radiation (UV light)
What is a substitution gene mutation?
When one base is replaced by a different DNA nucleotide
What is a addition gene mutation?
When a base is inserted into the DNA sequence
What is a deletion gene mutation?
When a DNA nucleotide is removed entirely
Using the original DNA sequence what does a substitution mutation look like?
ACGG>CCT
Using the original DNA sequence what does a deletion mutation look like?
G A CGGC
Where the A nucleotide is deleted from the DNA sequence
Using the original DNA sequence what does an addition mutation look like?
ACGG ^ CT
^
A
What is a duplication mutation?
Where one or more bases are repeated in a DNA sequence
What is a Inversion mustation?
Where a group of bases are spliced and reinserted in the same position but in reverse order
What is a translocation mutation?
Where a group of bases are deleted/ removed from the DNA sequence of one chromosome and are added to another
What type of mutations can lead to a frame shift?
Adittion and deletion mutations
