gene exchange by transformation

Question 1

Naked (free) DNA/plasmids in
the environment can be taken
up by a

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

For successful HGT &
recombination:

Answer 2

this DNA must
recombine into chromosome
by homologous recombination

Exception: a whole plasmid can
be taken up and remain free in
the cytoplasm!

Question 3

Non-homologous genes will be
degraded

Answer 3

= unsuccessful
HGT/recombination)

Question 4

Steps of transformation

Answer 4

Recipient cell and DNA fragments from donor cells

1. Recipient cell takes up donor DNA
2. Donor DNA aligns with complementary bases
3. Recombination occurs between donor DNA and recipient DNA

Degraded unrecombined DNA

Genetically transformed cell