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microbiolec quiz bee > GENE > Flashcards

GENE Flashcards

1
Q

A population of cells that are genetically identical

A

Clone

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2
Q

All the genes present in a cell or virus

A

Genome

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3
Q

Prokaryotes have one set of gene called

A

Haploid

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4
Q

Eukaryotes have two sets of gene called

A

Diploid

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5
Q

The specific set of genes an organism possesses

A

Genotype

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6
Q

The collection of characteristics of an organism that are observable

A

Phenotype

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7
Q

Demonstrated the phenomenon of transformation

A

Griffith (1928)

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8
Q

Define phenomenon of transformation

A
  • Nonvirulent bacteria could become virulent when live
  • Nonvirulent bacteria were mixed with dead, virulent bacterua
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9
Q

Demonstrated that the transforming principle was DNA `

A

Avery, Macleod, McCarty (1944)

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10
Q

The material responsible for transformation to virulence in Griffith’s experiment

A

DNA

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11
Q

Showed that the T2 bacteriophage; only the DNA needed for infectivity; therefore proving that DNA was the genetic material

A

Hershey and Chase(1952)

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12
Q

What did Hershey and Chase(1952) do

A

Showed that the T2 bacteriophage; only the DNA needed for infectivity; therefore proving that DNA was the genetic material

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13
Q

Genetic material of cells

A

DNA

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14
Q

Precisely copied by a process called replication

A

DNA

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15
Q

A DNA segment that encodes a polypeptide, an RNA, tRNA

A

Gene

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16
Q

Expressed when the information they encode is transcribed, forming a RNA molecule complementary to the original DNA template

A

Gene

17
Q

Define how Gene is expressed

A

Expressed when the information they encode is transcribed, forming a RNA molecule complementary to the original DNA template

18
Q

Which directs the synthesis of proteins

A

mRNA

19
Q

The decoding of the mRNA information occurs during a process called

A

Translation

20
Q

Define ‘translation’

A

The decoding of the mRNA information occurs during a process called

21
Q

DNA is composed of

A

Purine and pyrimidine

22
Q

Purine and Pyrimidine contains what

A

Sugar deoxyribose and are joined by phosphodiester bridges

23
Q

DNA is usually what structure

A

A double helix consisting of two chains of nucleotides coiled around each other

24
Q

The purine adenine (A) is always paired with

A

Pyrimidine - Thymine

25
Q

The two strands are always

A

Complimentary

26
Q

The two strands are not positioned directly opposite one another making a ____ double helix backbone

A

Major and minor groove

27
Q

The two polynucleotide chain are antiparallel

A

Their sugar-phosphate backbones are oriented in opposite direction

28
Q

RNA differs from DNA in the composition of

A

Sugar ribose rather than deoxyribose

29
Q

RNA differs from DNA in that it usually consists of

A

Single strand that can coil back on itself, rather than 2 strands coiled around each other

30
Q
A

microbiolec quiz bee (1 decks)

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