Gender Theories

Question 0

Cameron

Answer 0

All theories are biased

There’s not as many differences as the theories say

Question 1

Coates

Answer 1

Women’s talk 4 categories bitching chatting scandal and house talk

Question 2

Lakoff

Answer 2

Women come across as inferior

Use more hedges fillers tag qs indirect requests speak less fewer expletives and fewer intensifiers

Question 3

O’Barr and Atkins (contradicting Lakoff)

Answer 3

Social status decides this not gender

Question 4

Cheshire

Answer 4

Men use more non-grammatical forms

Question 5

Trugill

Answer 5

Women’s pronunciation closer to received pronunciation

Question 6

Zimmerman and West

Answer 6

96% of interruptions made by men, suggesting male dominance

Question 7

Beattie (disagrees with Zimmerman and west)

Answer 7

Not a sign of dominance but of understanding and support

Question 8

Tanner

Answer 8

Women talk to create bonds
Talk less, agree more, offer support not solutions
Men more concerned with status
Interrupt, conflict, intensifiers

Question 9

Fairclough

Answer 9

Synthetic personalization 
Members' resources 
Building the consumer 
Influential/Instrumental
Power in/behind discourse

Question 10

Accommodation theory

Answer 10

Changing language to fit situation

Question 11

Brown and levinson

Answer 11

Negative positive politeness

Question 12

Wareing

Answer 12

Political
Personal
Social group

Question 13

Modality

Answer 13

Epistemic

Deontic

Question 14

Holmes and Stubbe

Answer 14

Doing power

Question 15

Winnick

Answer 15

Humour to criticize authority

Question 16

Bernstein

Answer 16

Imperatives used when hierarchy is stable

Question 17

Morreall

Answer 17

Humour- good relationship

Question 18

Overt/covert prestige

Answer 18

Sounding more or less posh

Question 19

Formulation

Answer 19

Repeating and rewording someone else’s answer

Question 20

Grices maxims

Answer 20

Quality quantity relation manner

Question 21

Mode of address

Answer 21

Mr

Miss mrs ms

Question 22

Generic terms

Answer 22

Male word apply to all eg mankind

Question 23

Diminutive suffixes

Answer 23

Ess ette

Question 24

Semantic derogation

Answer 24

Pairs of terms which aren’t equal

Question 25

Marked terms

Answer 25

Specifying gender because of assumptions

Question 26

Semantic fields

Answer 26

Terms for women often derive from food clothing or animals

Question 27

Androcentric

Answer 27

Gynocentric

Question 28

Conflict vs compromise
Advice vs understanding
Independence vs intimacy

Answer 28

Status vs support
Orders vs proposals
Information vs feelings

Question 29

Stereotyping

Answer 29

Representation

Question 30

Small talk phatic language

Answer 30

Transactional lang

Question 31

Rhetoric

Answer 31

Giving deference

Question 32

Interaction

Answer 32

Representation

Question 33

Marked/unmarked terms

Answer 33

Covert/overt marking

Question 34

Modification

Answer 34

Socialization process