Gender Stratification

Question 1

Margaret Mead’s research on gender in 3 societies in New Guinea illustrates that…

Answer 1

What is feminine to one society might be masculine to another

Question 2

Throughout life course, gender shapes…

Answer 2

Human feelings, thoughts and actions

Question 3

In observing children at play, Janet Lever concluded that…

Answer 3

Boys favor games with clear winners and losers

Question 4

Which factor accounts for most of differences in earnings of working women and men in US

Answer 4

Kind of work people do

Question 5

“Pink-collar” work refers to what type of jobs?

Answer 5

Clerical

Question 6

Gender

Answer 6

Personal traits and social positions that embers of society attach to being female or male; evidence that it’s rooted in culture includes global comparisons by Margaret Mead and other showing how societies define what is feminine and masculine in many ways and is important dimension of social stratification

Question 7

Gender stratification

Answer 7

Unequal distribution of wealth, power and privilege between men & women

Question 8

Russia

Answer 8

Physicians are expected to be female

Question 9

Iran

Answer 9

Women are cold and logical sex

Question 10

New Guinea

Answer 10

Men enjoy playing with babies

Question 11

India

Answer 11

Housework considered sacred task that only men can handle

Question 12

Africa’s Ivory Coast

Answer 12

Masculine routine of “washing day” is observed

Question 13

The “Israeli Kibutz”

Answer 13

Has been important setting for gender research because gender equality is one of stated goals; men and women share in both work and decision making

Question 14

Margaret Mead’s research

Answer 14

Carried out groundbreaking research that if gender is based on biological differences between men and women, people everywhere should define “feminine” and “masculine” in same way; if gender is cultural, these concepts should vary

Question 15

George Murdock’s research

Answer 15

Found some global agreement on which tasks are feline and which are masculine. Hunting and warfare generally fall to men, and home-centered talks such as cooking and child care tend to be women’s work.

Question 16

Matriarchy

Answer 16

Form of social organization which females dominate males

Question 17

Sexism

Answer 17

Belief that one she’s is innately superior to one another

Question 18

Patriarchy

Answer 18

Form of social organization in which males dominate females

Question 19

Gender roles

Answer 19

Attitudes and activities that society links to each sex

Question 20

Minority

Answer 20

Any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that society sets apart and subordinates

Question 21

Sexual harassment

Answer 21

Comments, gestures and physical constants of sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated and unwelcome; mostly victimizes women because our culture encourages men to be assertive and see women in sexual terms

Question 22

Feminism

Answer 22

Support of social equality for women and men, in opposition to patriarchy and sexism; endorses social equality of women and men and opposes patriarchy and sexism; seekers to eliminate violence against women and advocates giving women control over reproduction

Question 23

Basic feminist ideas

Answer 23

1. Taking action to increase equality
2. Expanding human choice
3. Eliminating gender stratification through the society
4. Ending sexual violence
5. Promoting sexual freedom

Question 24

Pornography

Answer 24

Portrays women as sexual objects that many see it as moral issue; because it dehumanizes women, it’s also a power issue

Question 25

Symbolic-interaction theory

Answer 25

Individuals use gender as one element of personal performances as they socially construct reality through everyday interactions; gender plays part in shaping almost all everyday experiences

Question 26

Intersection theory

Answer 26

analysis of interplay of race, class and gender, which often results in multiple dimensions of disadvantage

Question 27

Structural-functional theory

Answer 27

In preindustrial societies, distinctive roles for males and females reflect biological differences between sexes; in industrial societies, marked gender inequality becomes dysfunctions and gradually decreases

Question 28

Social-conflict theory

Answer 28

Gender is important dimension of social inequality and social conflict; gender inequality benefits men and disadvantages women

Question 29

Liberal feminism

Answer 29

Seeks equal opportunity for both sexes within existing society

Question 30

Socialist feminism

Answer 30

Claims that gender equality will come about by replacing capitalism with socialism

Question 31

Radical feminism

Answer 31

Seeks to eliminate concept of of gender itself and create egalitarian and gender free society

Question 32

Multicultural feminism

Answer 32

Expands focus on gender stratification to take into account intersection of gender stratification to take into account the intersection of gender with race and ethnicity

Question 33

Global feminism

Answer 33

Points out that gender inequality also involves varying positions of women around world in system of global stratification