Gender - Social

Question 1

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Answer 1

• through SLT, social factors such as parents, media and peers mediate gender role development
• In context of gender dev, through DIRECT TUITION children are encouraged and rewarded for gender app behaviour

And punished for behaviours not gender app

• from same sex models children imitate and adopt attitudes and behaviour through observational learning

Question 2

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Answer 2

SUPPORT GENERAL

• FAGOT observed children with parents

Boys reinforced for playing with gender app boys eg bricks and punished for playing dolls

Girls reinforced for staying close to parent and punished for rough play

Confirms hypothesis of reinforcement playing a role in development gendered behaviour and that environment plays big different

Question 3

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Answer 3

PEER GROUPS

• source of gender development where peers act as models of gender linked behaviours
• peers provide feed and when individual steps outside of what is accepted as gender appropriate
• children reward each other and punish

Question 4

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Answer 4

JUST REINFORCING

• MACCOBY said peers are just prime socialising agent of gender development but less important in early childhood
• LAMB observed preschool children play and found that when male typed behaviour reinforced in girls it would continue for a short time but when female typed behaviour reinforced in boys it was not
• peers as a social factor simply reinforce existing gender roles

Question 5

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Answer 5

MEDIA

• significant cultural influence in communicating gender stereotypes
• media portrays males as independent and women opposite
• those more exposed to media learn to take these traditional ideas of gender and imitate through modelling principles

Question 6

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Answer 6

SUPOORT FOR MEDIA

• TOMLIN studied effects of media in group not exposed to media.

Canadian towns where no access to to showed children in these areas to demos trade less sex typed behaviour compared to others expose d

Two years later after exposure this effect was reduced

• media informs upon gendered behaviour

Question 7

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Answer 7

PRACTICAL APP

• pressure on media stations to alter attitudes shown on programmers
• PINGREE showed that gender role stereotypes reduced when commercials shown of women in dominant non traditional roles
• demonstrate significance

Question 8

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Answer 8

CONCEPT OF MODELLING

• PERRY AND BUSSEY investigated effect of modelling and found children imitated same sex models showing gendered app behaviour however dos not adopt behaviours that were not from these models suggesting other influences
• or direct tuition more significant review of 81 studies showed bat only modelling occurred in 18 but direct instruction occurred in majority

Question 9

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Answer 9

UNIVERSAL

A universal innate gender behaviours appear to be found such as aggression in men regardless of culture and features that men and women find attractive

This reductionist approach as there appears to be some aspects of gender roles that are a result of genetic influences that SLT can’t account for