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Abnormal Psychology Test 4 > Gender, Sexual, And Paraphillic Disorders > Flashcards

Gender, Sexual, And Paraphillic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Dimensions of Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

A

Biological sex, Gender identity, Sexual orientation

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2
Q

Biological Sex

A

Either male or female; Categorical

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3
Q

Gender Identity

A

Scale ranging from Completely Male Completely Female

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4
Q

Sexual Orientation

A

Scale ranging from 100% Heterosexual 100% Homosexual

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5
Q

The vast majority of individuals identify as…

A

Biological Sex: Male, Gender Identity: Completely Male, Sexual Orientation: 100% Heterosexual

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6
Q

3 Categories of Diagnosis in DSM-5

A

-Sexual Dysfunctions
-Gender Dysphoria
-Paraphilic Disorders
(Homosexuality used to be included but now there is not a diagnosis for orientation)

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7
Q

Normal sexual behavior involves progressing through the following stages:
(The Sexual Response Cycle)

A
  • Interest/Desire
  • Arousal
  • Orgasm
  • Resolution (only behavior that does not cause disfunction)
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8
Q

A disruption in the normal cycle involves problems with regard to:

A

Desire, Arousal, or Orgasm (not resolution)

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9
Q

A 4th category of disruption in the normal cycle incluses:

A

Sexual Pain (for women only)

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10
Q

Prevalence rates of sexual dysfunction are…

A

Much higher than you’d think! (Must be recurrent and persistent to be diagnosed as a disorder)

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11
Q

What percent of men have episodes of erectile dysfunction?

A

13-21%

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12
Q

What percent of women experience female orgasmic disorder?

A

Up to 42% (and 10% may never have an orgasm period!)

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13
Q

Disorders of desire and arousal:

A
  • Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
  • Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
  • Male erectile disorder
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14
Q

Disorders of orgasm:

A
  • Female orgasmic disorder
  • Delayed ejaculation
  • Early ejaculation
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15
Q

Disorder of sexual pain:

A

-Genito-pelvic pain/ penetration disorder which is seen in women only (Previously known as vaginismus)

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16
Q

Gender Dysphoria

A

Used to be called Transsexualism and Gender Identity Disorder, which were controversial labels…and the diagnosis still is; The term transgender is associated (but must have distress/impairment to be diagnosed with G. Dysphoria); Person could endorse any sexual orientation
GD is also not: being a “transvestite” or “intersex” individual; Involves feeling “trapped” in the body of the wrong gender

17
Q

Feeling “trapped” in the body of the wrong gender (Gender Dysphoria)

A

Strong dissatisfaction/ disgust with one’s sexual anatomy, gender non-conformity, and overwhelming desire to be “more like” the opposite gender; Gender non-conformity in childhood often coincides (experience does not mean Disorder, only those that have clinically significant distress over it)

18
Q

For gender dysphoria, the DSM-5 includes separate criteria for…

A

Children and Adults; 1980: Adults= Transexualism, Children= GID, 1994: All= GID, 2013: Gender Dysphoria

19
Q

Etiology of Gender Dysphoria

A

Often manifests early in life; Neurohormonal influences likely play a role; Psychological and social influences are less clear, but may involve exposure to models and reinforcement of certain behavior

20
Q

Treatment of Gender Dysphoria

A

A minority seek sexual reassignment surgery; Hormonal treatments and psychotherapy are common

21
Q

Paraphilic Disorders: An Overview

A

-Fetishistic disorder
-Transvestic disorder
-Exhibitionistic disorder
-Voyeuristic disorder
-Frotteuristic disorder
-Pedophilic disorder (which can involve incest)
-Sexual sadism and maschism disorders
(There are other interesting paraphilias to consider as well…)

22
Q

Fetishistic Disorder:

A

Sexual attraction to nonliving objects (or specific body parts) that is impairing in some way; Can include any object or body part; Rarely seen in women

23
Q

Transvestic Disorder:

A

Does not just refer to cross-dressing behavior, Instead is a specific fetish, in which the target of arousal is clothing of the opposite gender (usually a man/women’s clothing) CAN ONLY BE DIAGNOSED IN MEN

24
Q

Exhibitionistic Disorder

A

Strong urges and recurrent acts of exposure of genitals to unsuspecting strangers

25
Q

Voyeuristic Disorder

A

Observing an unsuspecting individual undressing, naked, or engaging in sexual behavior

26
Q

Frotteuristic Disorder

A

Rubbing against or sexually touching a non-consenting person

27
Q

Pedophilic Disorder

A

Pedophiles exhibit sexual attraction to young children or adolescents (usually < age 13); Must have acted on the urges (or be clinically distressed by them) to be diagnosed; Must be at least 16 and 5 years older than the target; Specifiers: exclusive vs. non-exclusive, sexual attraction pattern, and whether limited to incest; Young females are more often targets than males; The disorder is rarer, but not unheard of, in females

28
Q

Sexual Sadism Disorder

A

Inflicting pain or humiliation to attain sexual gratification

29
Q

Sexual Masochism Disorder

A

Suffer pain or humiliation to attain sexual gratification

30
Q

To be diagnosed with Sexual Sadism Disorder or Sexual Masochism Disorder, these behaviors must cause…

A

Distress or impairment for a person; Many people engage in this behavior and do not have a disorder!

31
Q

Paraphilic Disorders: Etiology

A

Etiological theories have stressed psychoanalytic and behavioral explanations

32
Q

Paraphilic Disorders: Treatment

A

For treatment, medication can be used, but behavior therapies are more often implemented

33
Q

Behavior Therapies used to treat Paraphillic Disorders

A

Orgasmic reconditioning;

Aversive behavioral rehearsal (for exhibitionism); Teach self-control and risk management strategies

34
Q

Orgasmic Reconditioning

A

Incorporating appropriate targets into masturbation behavior

35
Q

Intersex

A

Someone born with ambiguous genitals (usually assigned to be female)

36
Q

Paraphilia vs. Paraphillic Disorder

A

Paraphilia: Unusual pattern of sexual arousal, doesn’t make it a disorder; Paraphillic Disorder: Not enjoyed by all involved, warrants a diagnosis

37
Q

Fetishistic and Transvestic Disorders involve…

A

Inanimate objects

38
Q

Exhinitionistic, Voyeuristic, Frontteuristic, Pedophillic Disorders involve…

A

Non-concenting people

39
Q

Sexual Sadism and Masochism Disorders involve…

A

Pain and suffering

Abnormal Psychology Test 4 (4 decks)

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