Gender Roles Flashcards
Theoretical views of conjugal roles
func - PARSONS & NR (instrumental/expressive roles , clear divide responsibilities / biological differences ) (concerned about lone parent / Cohan families)
fem - liberal (MOP view / social change happening / women entering paid work / positive) rad&marx (little change in position / households still patriarchal / increase in “dual burden” / two jobs rather than one)
(F) young&willmott (1975) symmetrical family
support for more equal
- March of progress view / roles are more joint.
- “one activity within the course of the week”
- stage 2 nuclear family (segregated) / stage 3 nuclear family (symmetrical)
REASONS FOR INCREASE :
- changes in women’s position
- geographical mobilities (moving away)
- new technology so save labour
AO3:
- OAKLEY (fem) 1974 Housewife : claim 72% helped out in household , 1 chore a week.
Key terms
- Dual burden
- Triple shift
- chaos of love
- dark figure of crime
- heteronormativity
- Alan&Crow01 - paid employment and domestic labour
- Dunscombe&Marsden: 1) paid work 2) unpaid work 3) emotion work / invisible element of women’s domestic work
- Beck&Beck Gernsheim (PM)- increased flexibility of roles combined with individualism and increased choice l er lifestyle can result in separation and divorce.
- crime not being reported so won’t show up in stats
- assumption “normal relationships” based on heterosexual gender role relationships
Conjugal roles more equal
Gershuny 92 (Func)
Man Yee Kan 01 (Marx fem)
- lagged adaption / women still bear main burden / gradual trend towards equality / MOP view / increase in male domestic work / may take generation before men catch up
- most women working / majority of housework & childcare (dual burden) / more money earned less housework / both parent uni degrees = more equality
Conjugal roles aren’t more equal
BSA&BHP surveys
Dunne (1997)
- clear gender division / women : childcare/housework , men : repairs / slight trend with sharing tasks especially childcare
- lesbian couples / no specific gender scrips / more equality with division of labour
AO3 conjugal roles research
Time : (Leonard 2000) women underestimate time on domestic labour especially multiple tasks at once
Urgency : (McMahon 1999) say little about urgency/importance of tasks e.g cooking is more urgent than male tasks like gardening
Responsibility vs Help : (McMahon 1999) difference between being responsible and helping with a task / responsibility requires more thought and effort.
Southerton (2001) personal side of relationship : emotion work
- mother’s increasingly coping with triple shift whilst trying to get quality time / research shows both male and females have leisure time but different experiences / women more occupied with childcare
Power & Control in relationships
- economic control - family finances
- decision making
- non decisions
- domestic violence
Edgell 1980 - Decision making
Middle class couples / wives dominates decoration, child clothes, spending on food / men dominated moving house, buying car, other big finance decisions / holidays & education was both
AO3:
- over 20 years old
- small sample size (38 m/c)
- ignored agenda setting (person who sets agenda use power to own advantage)
Supported by HARDILL 1997
- men decided about cars etc / but both decided about renting or buying houses
Domestic violence
Coleman eat al (2007)
Donovan eat al (2006)
- women more likely than men to experience abuse across partner,family,sexual assault, stalking
- significant problem in same sex relationships / similar experiences but men more likely to suffer sexual abuse
Explanations for domestic violence
- radical feminists
- wilkinson (1996)
- extreme extension of male power/ oppressing women / marriage legitimises violence against women by giving power to husbands and dependency on wives.
AO3 rad fem:
- ignore same sex violence
- fail to explain femal abuse
- not all men are abusive
- MIRRLEES BLACK (1996) one in 7 men been assaulted
- inequality / some families have few resources than others e.g income / low income more likely to experience stress / take it out on others / more likely to reduce chance of stable caring relationship
MIRRLEES BLACK (1996) Patterns of domestic violence
Children and young people
Low social classes
Low incomes
High alcohol consumption (British crime survey 1997)
Shows not everyone is equally in danger
