Gender Patterns In Crime Flashcards
Explain the Chivarly thesis
Most Criminal Justice Agents are men and have been socialised to act in a chivalry way towards women
Women tend to ben portrayed as weak and powerless they are Sen as needing and protection therefore CJS are more lenient towards them
Evidence against chivalry thesis
FARRINGTON AND MORRIS
BUCKLE
BOX
Farringoton and Morris found worm are not senctenced more leniently
Box- women who commit serious crimes are not treated more leniently self report studies may just reflect less crimes women offenders are more likely to show remorse
Bias against women
Heidonsohn- costs treat females more Harlan than males when they deviate from gender norms
Double standard fours punish girls but not not for promiscuous activity
Explain female crimes the 3 theories
Sex role theory
Control theory
Liberation thesis
What is the sex role theory.?
It’s a functionalist View and PARSONS argue women and men are SOCIALISED differently -bedroom culture
Girls are less likely to be out - less crimes
Girls have less opportunities to commit crime
Expressive role
Girls more like to except norms and values
Mens play the the breadwinner role bigs reject feminine models of behaviour - engage masculinity
COHEN: relative lack of an adult role model means that boys are likely turn to all male street gangs as a source of identity
Explain the control theory
HEIDENSOHN: patriarchal society imposes greater control over women and so they have opportunities to offend
CONTROL AT HOME: physical and financial control- DONASH AND DONASH- bedroom culture do well in education no crime they can achieve legitimately
CONTROL IN PUBLIC: by threat of fear from male violence which made worse by media. Fear so they stay at home which means they are likely to be victims of crime
CONTROL AT WORK: women’s behaviour at work is controlled by male supervisors and managers. Sexual harassment is widespread and helps keep women in their place
Carlen: class and gender What is class deal and gender deal
Class deal: failure to secure work despite qualifications and YTS schemes, they cannot achieve legitimately so then to crime
Gender deal: some has experienced physical/ sexual abuse or Domestic Violence so spent time in care. Those who left the care found themselves unemployed, poor and homeless
Evaluation of carlen
Small scale it’s not representative Focused on working class crimes cannot generalise
Explain the Liberation thesis
As society becomes more equal as women have gained greater equality women’s crime rates have become more similar to males
Women have begun to adopt traditional male roles in workforce and crime
Women working more there are changes to attitudes women drink and smoke
Women no longer commit traditional female crimes such as prostitution
Increase if domestic violence committed by females
Increase in girl gangs
Explain other theories views such as labelling theory and Marxist
LABELLING THEORY:women are less likely to be labelled and the media is less likely to talk about crimes committed by women. Women are less likely to her a laser status due to factors such as motherhood
Women commit less utilitarian crimes they commit crimes such as shoplifting which the media find boring
Women’s crimes stays as primary deviance As their crimes are not reported therefore no master status and no self fulfilling prophecy and are less likely to join subcultures
Explain Marxist view
Crime occurs for to overt and relative deprivation women her paid less
Relative deprivation- suffer from status frustration lack of control women are more likely to be victims for example DV- ANN OAKLEY-“women are takers of shit”
