Gender - Nouns (Sustantivos) Flashcards
el alumno - student (la alumna)
People - standard - masculine - ends in o
la alumna - student
People - standard - feminine - ends in a
el profesor/la profesora
Masculine ends in consonant; feminine ends in a.
El estudiante/La estudiante
Same in fem/masc; gender indicated by article; most end in -nte and -ista
El especialista/La especialista
Same in fem/masc; gender indicated by article; most end in -nte and -ista
La ventana
-a
La mesa
-a
La pluma
-a
La dificultad
-ad & -ud
La ciudad
-ad & -ud
La lección
-ión
La canción
-ión
La canción
-ión
La opinión
-ión
El libro
Thing, not person; -o
El piso - the floor
Thing, not person; -o
El agua
FEM nouns that use masc article
El techo - the roof
Thing, not person; -o
El papel
Thing, not person; -l
El cuartel
Thing, not person; -l
El televisor
Thing, not person; -r
El calor
Thing, not person; -r
El hogar - home
Thing, not person; -r
El mapa
Excepción, even though ends in -a
El día
Excepción, even though ends in -a
El problema
Excepción: Greek; ends in -ma
El tema
Excepción: Greek; ends in -ma
El idioma
Excepción: Greek; ends in -ma
El programa
Excepción: Greek; ends in -ma
El diploma
Excepción: Greek; ends in -ma
El clima / el clima cálido
Excepción: Greek; ends in -ma (nouns ending in -ima, -ema, or -oma almost always masculine)
El capital
Capital (money); meaning changes with article
La capital
Capital (city); meaning changes with article
What is plural of el soldado?
Los soldados (ends in vowel so add -s)
What is plural of La mesa?
Las mesas (ends in vowel so add -s)
What is plural of el capitán?
Los capitanes (Ends in consonant so add -es)
What is plural of La canción?
Las canciones (Ends in consonant so add -es)
What is plural of el lápiz?
Los lápices (Ends in -z, so change -z to -c and add -es)
What is plural of La luz?
Las luces (Ends in -z, so change -z to -c and add -es)
Rule: Nouns (Los sustantivos) are usually preceded by an article.
The article and the noun agree in gender and number.
El clima - climate
Masculine noun ending in -ma; derived from Greek / like Los problemas / los sistemas / el área
El coma - coma
Masculine noun ending in -ma; derived from Greek
La coma - comma
NOT Masculine noun ending in -ma; derived from Greek
El poema - poem
Masculine noun ending in -ma; derived from Greek
El problema - problem / un problema complicado
Masculine noun ending in -ma; derived from Greek (ending in -ima, -ema, -oma)
El programa - program
Masculine noun ending in -ma; derived from Greek
El sistema - system / Un sistema complejo
Masculine noun ending in -ma; derived from Greek (ending -ima, -ema, -oma)
El tema - theme/topic/subject
Masculine noun ending in -ma; derived from Greek
COMPANIES - La compañía; la firma
Feminine by meaning; La IBM, La Hertz
LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET - La letra
Feminine by meaning; una b; una c
ISLANDS - La isla
Feminine by meaning; Las Azores, las Canarias.
ROADS - La carretera, la autopista
Feminine by meaning; La N11, La M4
La versión - version
Fem by form; ending in -eza, -ción, -ía, -sión, -dad, -tad, -tud, -umbre, -ie, -nza, -cia, -sis, -itis
La verdad - truth
Fem by form; ending in -eza, -ción, -ía, -sión, -dad, -tad, -tud, -umbre, -ie, -nza, -cia, -sis, -itis
La libertad - freedom
Fem by form; ending in -eza, -ción, -ía, -sión, -dad, -tad, -tud, -umbre, -ie, -nza, -cia, -sis, -itis
La serie - series
Fem by form; ending in -eza, -ción, -ía, -sión, -dad, -tad, -tud, -umbre, -ie, -nza, -cia, -sis, -itis
El análisis - analysis
Excepción
La alarma - alarm
Common FEM nouns ending in -ma
El arma - weapon
Common FEM nouns ending in -ma; FEM nouns that use masc article b/c starts with accented a sound (also: el agua, el hambre)
La cama - bed
Common FEM nouns ending in -ma
La cima - summit
Common FEM nouns ending in -ma
La crema - cream
Common FEM nouns ending in -ma
La forma - shape
Common FEM nouns ending in -ma
La paloma - dove
Common FEM nouns ending in -ma
La prima - female cousin
Common FEM nouns ending in -ma
La salud
Ends in -ud
La obligación
Fem by form; ending in -eza, -ción, -ía, -sión, -dad, -tad, -tud, -umbre, -ie, -nza, -cia, -sis, -itis
El país
El nuevo especialista
MASC porque adjetivo
La artista / el artista
Masc when referring to male; ends in -a in both cases. Article indicates gender.
El dentista / la dentista
La ventana
El mapa
El papel
-l
Un síntoma económico
-ima, -ema, -oma
Un colega / una colega
One form for both genders (also - el testigo / la testigo (witness)
FEM nouns ending in -cia
Diplomacia - diplomacy
Democracia - democracy
Farmacia - pharmacy
