Gender Inequality Flashcards
Factors in determining standard of living
Wealth and Income
Gini Coefficient
A numerical measure of the degree of inequality involved in any income distribution of a country, based on the areas under the Lorenz curve
Henderson Poverty Line
The minimum desirable level of household income established by Professor Henderson in the Commission of Inquiry into Poverty in 1975; these minimum levels are revised to accomodate changing economic conditions
Lorenz Curve
A graphical representation of the inequality of a nation’s income distribution
Secondary Workers
Group commonly associated with frequent unemployment, casual employment, lack of career paths & low and declining real wages. This results in instability and high income insecurity
Primary Labour Market
Area where workers tend to be skilled, well-educated and operate with high-levels of technology
Underemployment
Highly skilled workers but working in low paying or low skill jobs, and part-time workers who would prefer to be full-time. Reduces ability to earn high-income.
Effect on more income equality (in general)
More income available for consumption which would increase aggregate demand and relieve pressures on welfare component of federal budget
Redistribution of income and wealth
Transfer of money and assets from one group in the economy to another
Objective of income redistribution
Increase economic stability and opportunity for the less wealthy members of society
Income redistribution benefits (for economy)
Individuals have greater purchasing power, and can therefore purchase more goods and services that contribute to economic growth
Income Inequality
The extent to which income is distributed in an uneven manner
Economic Problem- gender inequality in workforce
Underutilisation of women in the workforce, especially in areas which are not social work or caring roles (eg. STEM and leadership positions- jobs of the future) this is largely due to systemic features that prevent women from being fully utilised.
Flow on effects from full utilisation of labour
Full utilisation of labour= an increase in productivity –> output –> economic growth –> redistribution of income= raising living standards
Systemic Features of Gender Inequality
stereotyping: pregnancy, pay gap, flexibility in employment, fewer opportunities/leadership roles/promotions
