Gender Inequalities - Internal Flashcards
What are the 6 internal factors affecting gender inequalities
Equal opportunities policy
Positive role models in school
GCSE and Coursework
Teacher Labelling
Challenging stereotypes in the curriculum
Selection and league tables
How does Equal opportunities policies affect educational achievement
Feminism has had an influence of government policy makers and they are more aware of issues women face in society and are more aware of the need for teachers to treat sexes equally and not stereotype
How did Stanworth and Spender add to Equal opportunities policy ?
Found in the past boys were questioned more than girls , their work was graded higher than girls (for the same material) and more time and attention were given to boys as teachers expected more of boys
What policies have been introduced to encourage girls to partake in male dominated subjects ?
GIST
WISE
National Curriculum
Female scientists also visited schools to act as positive role models
How did National Curriculum reduce gender inequalities?
It made core subjects of science and technology compulsory so girls were able to develop interest and skills in the subject they previously would not have entered
How has positive role models in school affect gender differences in education?
There has been an increase in female teachers in schools , including senior positions These can act as role models motivating girls to aim for high qualifications and professional jobs. Schools try to actively recruit female staff into delivering traditionally male dominated subjects
How has GCSE and Coursework affected educational achievement ?
Argued girls gain higher pass marks when compared to boys in Coursework subjects , this was the more prominent GCSE assessment until Coalition scrapped it.
How did Mitsos and Browne add to GCSE and Coursework affecting educational achievement
Coursework helps girls because
- spend longer redrafting work
- more organized at meeting deadlines
- able to concentrate for long than boys so spend longer on presentation
- more organized in having correct equipment needed to produce required work
Argue differences are due to gender role socialization in the family which encourages girls to be tidy and patient whilst boys are encouraged to be active and more chaotic
How does French argue teacher labeling affects educational achievement ?
Boys receive more attention than girls within the classroom as usually they are reprimanded more. Boys tend to be disciplined more harshly and that teachers had lower expectations of them
How did Swann add to teacher labelling affecting educational achievement ?
Boys tried to dominate whole class discussions often interrupted other students while they were making contributions whilst girls preferred to work in pairs and small groups where they felt they could better listen and cooperate without boys trying to control
How has challenging stereotypes in the curriculum affected educational achievement ?
Textbooks in 1970s often portrayed males and females doing very traditional roles especially in school reading schemes and textbooks.
Traditional male/female dominated subjects most or all images would have been of the sex of student most likely to take that subject reproducing the masculine or feminine subject
Over the years these images have been updated with most subjects covering a range of images of students from many social backgrounds and sexes to ensure they are inclusive of all
How has selection and league tables affect educational achievement
Marketization has created a climate of competition between schools which has resulted in a desirability for schools in recruiting more girls as they are more likely to achieve higher grades in examinations
How did Jackson contribute to selection and league tables affecting educational achievement
Schools are less keen to select low-achieving boys with potential behavioral issues when they can select high achieving girls. Boys are 4x more likely to be excluded than girls resulting in lower grade examinations as they have missed work therefore schools do not want to run a risk on ‘liability student’ who could lower the position of the school in the league tables and deter other more desirable students from attending
What does Archer outline as a reason why working class girls are more likely to underachieve in schools
Their culture comes in to conflict with the school ethos, girls were keen to gain a sense of statue and recognition from their peers ; they used this to help them overcome their class with school ; gave symbolic capital
What strategies did Archer say girls used to help them gain status
- hyper heterosexuality - would involve spending time on constructing a glamorous appearance. Avoid being labeled by using correct brand goods, the school would deem the girls disinterested in educational success seeing their interests as worthless and less worthy of respect . Ideal pupil was desexualized and middle class
- having a boyfriend - brought symbolic capital often encouraged girls to focus on settling down gaining traditionally feminine job and having a child, on occasions girls had to leave education due to pregnancy
- being ‘loud’ - being outspoken and assertive brought the girls status so they would often challenge teachers, this behavior led to conflict with schools as they were seen as aggressive rather than assertive leading to a negative lane, from the schools
