Gender In Education (External And Internal Factors) Flashcards
Impact of ______ (external)
Impact of feminism - since 1960s, the movement has challenged traditional stereotype of women (house wife mother) in an patriarchal nuclear family
Movement has improved woman’s rights and opportunities through changes in the law - has raised women’s expectations and self esteem
Impact of _____ (McRobbie) (external)
Media images
1970s magazines = emphasised importance of marriage not being left on the shelf
1990s = they contain independent assertive women
Changed in the _____ (external)
Changes in the family
Major family changes since the 1970s:
Increase in divorce rate
Increase rate of cohabitation and decrease number of first marriages
Increased line parenthood (matriarchal)
Smaller families
E.g: Increase in female headed lone parent families may encourage girls to become more financially stable by gaining qualifications (breadwinner role)
Divorce rate - women don’t rely on men
Changed in women’s _______ (external)
Changed in women’s employment
1970 equal pay act - illegal to under pay womb
1975 sex discrimination - outlaws discrimination at work
breaking of a ‘Glass ceiling’ - invisible barrier keeping them out of managerial roles or higher roles.
Girls now seek a future in paid work
Girls changing _____ (Sue Sharpe) (external)
1970s - girls had low aspirations - love marriage, children
1990s - careers more important
Biggart (external)
Working class girls most likely - insecure position in labour market - look at motherhood as the only option
Not interested in staying school and wanted to work low level jobs
GIST, WISE (internal)
Girls into science and technology
Women in science and engineering
Policies
Positive ____ ______ in schools (internal)
positive role models in school:
More female teachers and heads
Godrard (internal)
Introduction of GCSEs with required course work increased the gap between achievement between girls and boys
Mitosis and Browne
Agree and say girls
- better at meeting deadlines
- spend more time on their work
Teacher attention (Francis) (internal)
Boys recover more attention, we’re disciplined more harshly and felt picked on by teachers who had lower expectations of them
Challenging ______________ in curriculum - Weiner (internal)
Sexiest images removed from leaning materials.
Teachers challenge stereotypes
Marketisation (internal)
Competitive climate
Schools see girls as desirable recruits
Slee - boys less attractive to schools - more likely to be disruptive, 4X more likely to be excluded - liability students - obstacles to the school improving.
