GENDER IDENTITY THEORISTS Flashcards
HAVE CHANGED
Sue Sharpe
Sue sharpe
Took part in a study in which she interviewed girls in four schools in Ealing in the 1970s and 1990s. In the 1970s, the girls were focused on family commitments such as being married and having children; in the 1990s, the girl were focused on careers and education.
HAVE CHANGED
Jackson
Jackson
Argued that there had been a rise in ladettes - women who adopt “laddish behaviour”
, going against social norms
and adopting challenging behaviour in education.
HAVE CHANGED
Mac and Ghaill
Mac and Ghaill
Used the term “crisis of masculinity” to describe males insecurity which has occurred as a result of the feminisation of the workplace and the diminishing of the “breadwinner” identity.
HAVE CHANGED
Postmodernist
Postmodernist
gender identity is now fluid, people can adopt aspects of gender identity that they see as positive.
HAVENT CHANGED
Hardill et al
Hardill et al
Found that women still have much less power within the family than men. They studied middle class women and found that they will often defer to their husbands on big decisions such as mortgages, big purchases…
HAVENT CHANGED
Hey
Hey
Found that female peer groups often police each other’s behaviour.
Expectations of female behaviour are deeply rooted in patriarchy (e.g. treatment of girls who are promiscuous).
HAVEN’T CHANGED
Wilson
Wilson
sociobiologist who argues that women need to nurture children where the need to reproduce requires men to “spread the seed”.
HAVENT CHANGED
Ann Oakley
Ann Oakley
women still might be said to have a subordinate position within society. Ann Oakley (a liberal feminist) argued that we learn gender roles through socialisation (through manipulation, canalisation, verbal appellation and different activities).
THEY REMAIN IMPORTANT
Talcott Parsons
Talcott Parsons
Argued that men and women are naturally suited to certain roles. Men are naturally suited to an instrumental role as a breadwinner due to their superior physical strength. Women are naturally suited to an expressive role as a caregiver due to their childbearing role.
THEY REMAIN IMPORTANT
Canaan
Canaan
Studied working class males in Wolverhampton and found that those who were employed had traditional ideas about what it meant to be a man. Those who were unemployed said that having a job was the most important thing and that they felt emasculated by their lack of employment.
THEY REMAIN IMPORTANT
ONS statistics
ONS statistics
Show that women are still far more likely to accept greater responsibility in the family than men (In 44.1% of families mothers work part time and fathers work full time).
THEY REMAIN IMPORTANT
Hardill et al
Hardill et al
Found that women still have much less power within the family than men. They studied middle class women and found that they will often defer to their husbands on big decisions such as mortgages, big purchases…
NO LONGER IMPORTANT
Postmodernist
Postmodernist
Gender identity has changed and no longer is important as we adopt the aspects of identity that we want to, free from social pressures to conform.
NO LONGER IMPORTANT
Denscombe
Denscombe
Looked at ladette culture and found that many women now want to be seen as anything but the stereotype of womanhood.
NO LONGER IMPORTANT
Gershunny
Gershunny
While men may have had trouble accepting their new role, they are going through a process of lagged adaptation - since women’s role has changed so dramatically, men have not been able to catch up as quickly.
