Gender Examples Flashcards
Impact of National Crisis: French Revolution
During the French Revolution, the right to bear arms signified not merely a state commitment to the levee en masse, but a new and highly public constituent of universal masculinity.
Impact of National Crisis: Prussia
In Prussia, death for the fatherland was elevated as a heroic possibly for all men, in a new hegemonic model of military masculinity.
Impact of National Crisis: Britain
Transition from peace time to total war in Britain 1940s: 1920s/30s aggressive, belligerent masculinity of WW1 superseded by a quieter, domestic, anti heroic style. These virtues were patently inappropriate with the return to war 1939, but the renewed hegemony of masculine values was tempered by a cult of stoic “ordinariness”
Impact of National Crisis
Brings about changes in the socially acceptable ways of “being a man.” Hegemonic masculinity therefore, rather than a monolith, is contingent and volatile
Judith Bennett: Brewing and the Patriarchal Equilibrium
[History Matters: Patriarchy and the Challenge of Feminism 2006]
1300: brewing a ubiquitous trade requiring little specialised skill or equipment, minimal trade identity and small profits -> accessible to women.
1600: brewing a specialised trade, required training, conferred social prestige in the form of guild status, offered considerable profits -> ceased to be a trade of women and became a trade of men.
Women’s work remained humble work: much changed in their experience, but none in their status.
Victorian criticism of hegemonic masculinity
Theory of hegemonic masculinity fails to acknowledge the multiplicity of competing sets of gender norms that circulated before the emergence of a mass culture. In an age when working class identities were still rooted in particular localities…it is difficult to speak about a shared class culture
[use instead: Szreter’s Communication Communities- where individuals were socialised into particular sets of norms, values and expectations]
