Gender Dysphoria

Question 1

gender dysphoria in children criteria

Answer 1

A. a marked incongruence between one’s experienced/ expressed gender and assigned gender, of at least 6 months duration, as manifested by at least 6 of the following (one must be 1):
1. a strong desire to be of the other gender or an insistence that one is the other gender (or some alternative gender different from assigned gender)
2. in boys (assigned gender), a strong preference for cross-dressing or simulating female attire, or, in girls (assigned gender), a strong preference for wearing only typical masculine clothing and a strong resistance to typical feminine clothing
3. a strong preference for cross-gender roles in make-believe play/ fantasy-play
4. a strong preference for toys, games, or activities stereotypically used or engaged in by the other gender
5. a strong preference for playmates of the other gender
6. in boys (assigned gender), a strong rejection of typically masculine toys, games, and activities, and a strong avoidance of rough-and-tumble play; or in girls (assigned gender), a strong rejection of typically feminine toys, games, and activities
7. a strong dislike of one’s sexual anatomy
8. a strong desire for the primary and/or secondary sexual characteristics that match one’s experienced gender
B. the condition is associated with clinically sig. distress or impairment in social, school, or other important areas of functioning

Question 2

gender dysphoria specifiers

Answer 2

SPECIFY IF:
WITH A DISORDER/DIFFERENCE OF SEX DEVELOPMENT: like congenital adrenal hyperplasia or androgen insensitivity syndrome

(in adolescents/adults only)
SPECIFY IF:
POSTTRANSITION

Question 3

gender dysphoria in adolescents and adults criteria

Answer 3

A. a marked incongruence between one’s experienced/ expressed gender and assigned gender, of at least 6 months duration, as manifested by at least 2 of the following:
1. a marked incongruence between one’s experienced/ expressed gender and primary and/or secondary sex characteristics (or, in young adolescents, the anticipated secondary sex characteristics)
2. a strong desire to be rid of one’s primary and/or secondary sex characteristics because of a marked incongruence with one’s experienced/ expressed gender (or, in young adolescents, a desire to prevent the development of the anticipated secondary sex characteristics)
3. a strong desire for the primary and/or secondary sex characteristics of the other gender
4. a strong desire to be of the other gender (or some alternative gender different from one’s assigned gender)
5. a strong desire to be treated as the other gender (or some alternative gender different from one’s assigned gender)
6. a strong conviction that one has the typical feelings and reactions of the other gender (or some alternative gender different from one’s assigned gender)
B. the condition is associated with clinically sig. distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Question 4

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 4

Stress can be conceptualized as a life event that disrupts the equilibrium of a person’s life. For instance, a person may be vulnerable to becoming depressed but will not develop depression unless he or she is exposed to a specific stress, which may trigger a depressive disorder.

Question 5

referral bias

Answer 5

one sex is more likely to be referred for treatment

Question 6

missing symptom hypothesis

Answer 6

symptoms that may be particularly useful for identifying one sex/gender are left out of the criterion set

Question 7

true difference hypothesis

Answer 7

the difference in prevalence rates are actual differences between males and females

Question 8

differential socialization hypothesis

Answer 8

social and cultural factors impact the expression of psychopathology