gender differences in achievement Flashcards
Gender differences in achievement
What did McRobbie study? EF
Studied girls magazines- found in 1970s they prioritised girls getting married etc, but now contain images of strong and independent women.
Who studied change’s in girls ambitions? EF
Sharpe in 1970/1990
Change’s in women’s employment? EF
Changes in the law have improved the position of working women, eg The Equal Pay Act (1970) and the sex Discrimination Act (1975)
How do role models affect educational achievement? IF
more female teachers, feminises learning environment and encourages girls to see school as part of a ‘female gender domain’
What did Sharpe’s study consist of? EF
interviewed girls and found that their ambitions in the 1970s were to marry and have children, but in 1990s the girls ambitions were to have a strong career and be independent
What did Mitos and Brown find? IF
found that girls do better than boys in coursework as they are better organised and more conscientious
Name 2 equal opportunity policies- IF
GIST and WISE- encourages girls into science and tech
National curriculum- girls and boys study the same compulsory subjects
What did Gorad find? IF
found that the gender gap in achievement increased sharply when GCSEs were introduced in 1988
Who studied the effect of teacher attention on educational achievement? IF
Swann
What did Swann find? IF
found that boys dominate classroom discussions, but girls are better at listening and cooperating. Teachers respond more positively to girls and give more encouragement.
What did French and French find? IF
found that teachers paid boys and girls similar amount of attention for academic reasons, but boys received more attention overall as they were disciplined more often.
What are league tables?
A table that is a representation of a schools results, pupils and reputation etc.
Explain how marketisation policies have lead to gender differences in achievement- IF
Schools have competition due to marketisation policies, schools therefore have incentive to recruit more able students, girls are generally more successful and more likely to be chosen by schools.
What is said about boys literacy? EF
Parents spend less time reading to sons as it is seem as a more ‘feminine’ activity. Boys interests don’t require communication skills etc, whereas girls interests do
Why has there been a decline in manual labour? EF
Globalisation has led to a decrease in jobs such as manufacturing, meaning there has been a male ‘identity crisis’. giving them little qualifications for a job.
What is the feminisation of schooling? IF
Boys fall behind as education has become ‘feminised’, meaning schools no longer nurture masculine traits. introduction of coursework disadvantaged boys, lack of male primary school teachers (1/6)
What are laddish subcultures? IF
There is a pressure on boys to demonstrate their masculinity, they do this by joining subcultures.
