Gender, crime + justice

Question 1

Heidensohn

Answer 1

Patriarchy
-Womens behaviour conformist due to control
-Domestic role, cooking, cleaning, girls bedrrom culture
-Paid role, male supervisors, sexual harrassment, glass cieling
-54% avoided going out after dark vs 14% men
-Limited opportunity

1996

Question 2

Carlen

Answer 2

Class inequality
-Study 39 convicted 15-46yrs old women
-Women incentivised to conform by 2 rewards
-Class- material rewards, 32/39 in poverty
-Gender- emotional for raising family, 50% in care
-Poverty + oppressive life, led to criminalisation, deals less attractive

1988

Question 3

Adler

Answer 3

Liberation Thesis
-Opportunities more equal due to less control + discrimination
-Women adopt roles in both legit and illegitimate activity
-Rise in corporate crime, 1950-1990, share went from 1/7 to 1/6
-Women no longer only commit traditional crimes of prostitution + shoplifting

1975

Question 4

Steffensmeier + Schwartz

Answer 4

Rise in Criminalisation
-Female share of violence arrests (20-30%) between 1980-2003
-Net widening, not greater involvement only CJS more broad
-Women treated + punished more harshly than men (bias)

2009

Question 5

Heidensohn

Support

Answer 5

Bias
-Women treated with double standards due to deviating against societal + gender norms

1996

Question 6

Hood

Answer 6

Chivalry Thesis
-3000 defendents, women 1/3 less likely to be imprisoned
-Women underepresented in criminality

1992

Question 7

Farrington + Morris

Answer 7

408 sentences found punishments impartial

1984

Question 8

Parsons

Answer 8

Biological differences
-Girls loving + nurturing
-Less disposed to commit crime + violence
-Evidenced differences from nuclear family, girls had ‘accessible’ role model
-Gentle behviour rewarded

1955