Gender CD Flashcards
1
Q
FUNCTIONALISTS?
A
- Socialisation difference
2
Q
FUNC -= Sutherland (1949)?
A
%%% MASCULINE THING
- Clear soc differences
- Girls supervised (domestic/passive)
- Boys encouraged to take risks/be tough
- If woman deviant, soc differently - E.G. brothers
3
Q
FUNC = Parsons (1955)?
A
%%% ACCESS TO ROLE MODEL
- Men instrumental, requires leadership
- Women expressive
- Girls access role-model of gender frequently (home)
- Boys don’t, (work) so, CD
4
Q
FEMINISTS?
A
- Why women DONT commit crime
5
Q
FEM = Smart (1976)?
A
%%% MEN INTERNALISE, WOMEN BETREAY
- Girls have stricter soc
- E.G. going out
- ‘Prisoners of own home’
- Men in crime, ‘role expressive’, extension if dominant aggressor.
- Women are ‘role distorting’
- So, men true man, women betraying gender
- ‘Double deviant’ women
6
Q
FEM = Carlen (1987)?
A
%%% NOTHING TO LOSE
- Women criminals when crime not outweigh benefits of women, not conform
- Not much to lose
7
Q
BIOLOGICAL?
A
- Biological deviance
8
Q
BIO = Lombrosso (1898)?
A
%%% NATURE OF GENDER
- Women have natural passivity, not possess enough intelligence/initiative to break law.
- Women who are ‘born criminal’ show masculine traits and lack maternal instinct.
9
Q
BIO = Thomas (1907)?
A
%%% PERSONALITY DIFFERENCE
- Men and women have different personality traits
- Men are more active, women passive.
- Women need social approval
- Through domestic, MC women choose to accept.
- Poor females lack soc/morality, refuse submissive role, use sexuality for emotional gain.
10
Q
RECENT CHANGES IN FEMALE CRIMINALITY?
A
- Rise of female liberation, fewer behaviour restrictions
- Encourages crime
11
Q
CHANGES = Adler?
A
%%% EXPECTATION CHANGE
- Changes in expected female behaviour
- E.G. ‘laddish’
- Crime of men still higher
- (Home office) men 83% arrests 2013
12
Q
CHANGES = Chesney-Lind (1997)?
A
%%% ECONOMIC
- Poor women more likely criminal than ‘liberated’
- So, CD economic
- More women now commit ‘male offences’, E.G. drugs
13
Q
CHANGES = James and Thornton (1980)?
A
%%% LACK FEMALE KNOWLEDGE
- Female prisoners more likely from POV/uneducated.
- So, nothing of female behaviour
14
Q
CHANGES = Gelsthorpe (2006)?
A
%%% DECLINE OF CHIV
- Increase of men in prison down to shift in sentencing policy
- Decline of ‘chivalry’
15
Q
MASCULINITY, WHY MEN COMMITT MORE CRIME?
A
- Pressure of breadwinner
16
Q
MASC = Messerschmidt (1993)?
A
%%% HEGE PUSHED
- Hegemonic masc pushed
- Through gangs, sex
17
Q
MASC = Mosher (1991)?
A
%%% IMITATION
- Hypermasculinity dangerous/accepts violence
- Poor jobless youths display masc through gangs
- Often show masc taught/seen growing up (imitation)
- ‘Crisis of masc’ - WC men feel emasculated by loss of breadwinner role, manual work
18
Q
MASC = Winlow (2001)?
A
%%% UNEMPLOYMENT
- Study WC men in Sunderland
- Mass unemployment left men without status
- Violence more significant
- Way of making money if unemployed.
