Gender CD Flashcards

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1
Q

FUNCTIONALISTS?

A
  • Socialisation difference
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2
Q

FUNC -= Sutherland (1949)?

A

%%% MASCULINE THING

  • Clear soc differences
  • Girls supervised (domestic/passive)
  • Boys encouraged to take risks/be tough
  • If woman deviant, soc differently - E.G. brothers
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3
Q

FUNC = Parsons (1955)?

A

%%% ACCESS TO ROLE MODEL

  • Men instrumental, requires leadership
  • Women expressive
  • Girls access role-model of gender frequently (home)
  • Boys don’t, (work) so, CD
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4
Q

FEMINISTS?

A
  • Why women DONT commit crime
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5
Q

FEM = Smart (1976)?

A

%%% MEN INTERNALISE, WOMEN BETREAY

  • Girls have stricter soc
  • E.G. going out
  • ‘Prisoners of own home’
  • Men in crime, ‘role expressive’, extension if dominant aggressor.
  • Women are ‘role distorting’
  • So, men true man, women betraying gender
  • ‘Double deviant’ women
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6
Q

FEM = Carlen (1987)?

A

%%% NOTHING TO LOSE

  • Women criminals when crime not outweigh benefits of women, not conform
  • Not much to lose
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7
Q

BIOLOGICAL?

A
  • Biological deviance
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8
Q

BIO = Lombrosso (1898)?

A

%%% NATURE OF GENDER

  • Women have natural passivity, not possess enough intelligence/initiative to break law.
  • Women who are ‘born criminal’ show masculine traits and lack maternal instinct.
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9
Q

BIO = Thomas (1907)?

A

%%% PERSONALITY DIFFERENCE

  • Men and women have different personality traits
  • Men are more active, women passive.
  • Women need social approval
  • Through domestic, MC women choose to accept.
  • Poor females lack soc/morality, refuse submissive role, use sexuality for emotional gain.
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10
Q

RECENT CHANGES IN FEMALE CRIMINALITY?

A
  • Rise of female liberation, fewer behaviour restrictions

- Encourages crime

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11
Q

CHANGES = Adler?

A

%%% EXPECTATION CHANGE

  • Changes in expected female behaviour
  • E.G. ‘laddish’
  • Crime of men still higher
  • (Home office) men 83% arrests 2013
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12
Q

CHANGES = Chesney-Lind (1997)?

A

%%% ECONOMIC

  • Poor women more likely criminal than ‘liberated’
  • So, CD economic
  • More women now commit ‘male offences’, E.G. drugs
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13
Q

CHANGES = James and Thornton (1980)?

A

%%% LACK FEMALE KNOWLEDGE

  • Female prisoners more likely from POV/uneducated.
  • So, nothing of female behaviour
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14
Q

CHANGES = Gelsthorpe (2006)?

A

%%% DECLINE OF CHIV

  • Increase of men in prison down to shift in sentencing policy
  • Decline of ‘chivalry’
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15
Q

MASCULINITY, WHY MEN COMMITT MORE CRIME?

A
  • Pressure of breadwinner
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16
Q

MASC = Messerschmidt (1993)?

A

%%% HEGE PUSHED

  • Hegemonic masc pushed
  • Through gangs, sex
17
Q

MASC = Mosher (1991)?

A

%%% IMITATION

  • Hypermasculinity dangerous/accepts violence
  • Poor jobless youths display masc through gangs
  • Often show masc taught/seen growing up (imitation)
  • ‘Crisis of masc’ - WC men feel emasculated by loss of breadwinner role, manual work
18
Q

MASC = Winlow (2001)?

A

%%% UNEMPLOYMENT

  • Study WC men in Sunderland
  • Mass unemployment left men without status
  • Violence more significant
  • Way of making money if unemployed.