Gender and Society Flashcards
Index of dissimilarity
the most widely used tool to measure sex segregation
vertical segregation
where men occupy the most desirable occupations; gotten weaker over time
horizontal segregation
The distribution of women and men across occupations in ways that reaffirm gender stereotypes
Emotional labor
expectations of interaction with clients or customers, involves worker subjectivity and sense of self
job evaluation
What employers use to determine how pay is assigned to jobs and to justify relative pay rates. See “Valuative Discrimination”
spillover
when gender expectations outside of workforce emerged into the workforce
allocative discrimination
assigning men and women to different jobs
statistical discrimination
when a job applicant was treated as if he or she possessed characteristics typical of his or her gender. ???
Theory of inequality between demographic groups based on stereotypes that do not arise from prejudice or racial and gender bias
valuative discrimination
job evaluation used by employers which is used to identify and correct a form of gender bias in a wage setting
intersectionality
The clashes between the different identities (race, gender, ability, nationality, sexuality, class) that help us to understand people’s experiences.
racialized sexuality
e.g. Asian men are submissive, Latina women are fiery/seductive, Black men are dominant
hypersexualization
Excessively accentuating the sexuality of someone (in the context of black men and rape accusations) Markovitz “Anatomy of a Spectacle”
super strong black mother
They embody the stereotype of being held accountable for their children’s actions as opposed to being uninterested in their children. Think of the mother who stopped her son from joining the riots in Baltimore
offloading
When a privileged group passes the buck to a less educated or lower status group. e.g. Upper-and-Middle Class whites offloading responsibility for racist culture and bigotry onto lower class “hillbillies.”
white trash culture
Cultural norms attributed to lower class, generally rural white Americans, usually depicted as immoral or a perversion of “upstanding white morals.” Different names imply different locations- different types of “ white trash”
Hillbillies: regional, rural culture
Hicks: Uneducated and rural
Rednecks: Lowland cultureless laborers
White Trash: Regionless description of lower class, uneducated whites
hyper-incarceration
The concentrated incarceration of a particular group of people (specifically minorities); different from mass incarceration, which implies that the entire population is being incarcerated (Wacquant)
mass incarceration
meant to define increase in all incarcerated people, but targets marginalized populations, not the masses; gender stereotype is that most people in mass incarceration are males (doesn’t exist)
securitization
Subjects of a specific population are increasingly “targeted, monitored, policed, and incarcerated.” Intertwined with hyperincarceration and disciplinary domain of power. (Intersectionality, p. 156) Another piece of neoliberalism, the state is there to protect and create the market: creation of enemies, seeing specific cultures as threats, policing culture and protest. Gender and race affect what “rules” you’re subjected to/which rules are enforced.
institutionalization
the process through which different social systems of power/inequality becomes systematic; institutionalized inequalities are not usually questioned or even recognized as sources of inequality; institutionalized inequalities are reinforced on more than just the individual/interactional level
paternalism
referred originally to the traditional father-child relationship whereby the father cared for and exercised control over his children. In this view, father were assumed to love their children, understand their needs, and act in their best interests. Children were seen as less capable and competent than adults and thus were expected to defer to their father’s authority and guidance. This then also applies to husband-wife relationships where women are seen as needing the care, protection, and guidance of males.
deference
Implies that these positive feelings (in regards to Paternalism) are reciprocated by the subordinate group who see no reason to challenge the dominant group’s control over them.
carceral feminism
obtaining social justice by incarcerating and prosecuting perpetrators of violence against women
