GENDER AND SOCIETY Flashcards
It is simply defined as a grouping of individuals, which is characterized by common interest and may have distinctive culture and institutions.
SOCIETY
Is an essential pre-requisite of society. The sense of likeness was focused in early society on kinships that is real or supposed blood relationships
Society means likeness
also implies differences, and it depends on the latter as much as on likeness of all people were exactly alike, their social relationships would become very much limited.
Society also implies difference
Family, the first society with which we all are closely associated, is based on the biological interdependence of the sexes.
Inter – dependence
Without co-operation no society can exist. Unless, people cooperate with each other, they cannot live a happy life
Cooperation
Former sociologists appreciate the process of socialization to survive in the society
Historical Evidence
makes society the creation of God. Just as God created all the animals and inanimate objects of this world, so he created the society as well.
Divine right theory
views society as a contrivance deliberately set up by men for certain ends. According to this theory, all men were born free and equal. Individual precedes society.
Social contract theory
Individual is a living organism; the various system must coordinate to maintain his living functions.
Organic theory
facilitates collective thinking, collective acting each group exhibits their own goals.
Group mind theory
generally correct explanation of the origin of society. According to it society is not a make but a growth. It is the result of a gradual evolution.
Evolutionary theory
makes society the result of superior physical force. According to this theory, the society originated in the subjugation of the weaker by the stronger.
Force theory
Originally, the family consisted of a man, his wife and children. The father was the head of the family and his control and authority was complete in all respects over all its members
Patriarchal and Matriarchal theories
The simplest form of human society
BAND
A group of people united by kinship and descent, which is defined by perceived descent from a common ancestor.
CLAN
Consists of a social group existing before the development of, or outside of, states, though some modern theorists hold that “contemporary” tribes can only be understood in terms of their relationship to state.
TRIBE
Is a human population whose members identify with each other, usually on the basis of a presumed common genealogy or lineage
ETHNIC GROUP
Characterized by pervasive inequality of peoples and centralization of authority.
CHIEFDOM
is a political association with effective dominion over a geographic area.
STATE
relies heavily on hunting wild animals and gathering food for its survival.
Hunters and Gatherers societies
refers to any form of society whose main subsistence comes from tending flocks and herds of domesticated animals.
Pastoral societies
is a social system based on horticulture, a mode of production in which digging sticks are used to cultivate small gardens
Horticultural societies
focuses on mode of production primarily on agriculture and production of
large fields.
Agricultural societies
society is a system in which large number of labor and machinery is involved in production of goods and services.
Industrial societies
is the stage of society’s development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy.
Post-industrial societies
it is a concept that describes how societies determine and manage sex categories; the cultural meanings attached to men and women‘s roles; and how individuals understand their identities including, but not limited to, being a man, woman, transgender, intersex, gender queer and other gender positions.
GENDER
biological traits that societies use to assign people into the category of either male or female, whether it be through a focus on chromosomes, genitalia or some other physical ascription.
SEX
examines how society influences our understandings and perception of differences between masculinity (what society deems appropriate behavior for a “man”) and femininity (what society deems appropriate behavior for a “woman”).
SOCIOLOGY OF GENDER
it is about sexual attraction, sexual practices and identity. Just as sex and gender don‘t always align, neither does gender and sexuality.
Sexuality
is a term used when individuals do not feel sexual attraction.
Asexuality
is designed to help us understand gender, sex and
attraction sometimes referred to as ‘sexuality’).
The Gender Unicorn
is inside us; it‘s how we feel about our own gender.
Gender identity
is what‘s visible about your gender to other people.
GENDER EXPRESSION
A generalized view or preconception about attributes or characteristics that are ought to be possessed by members of a particular social group or the roles that are or should be performed by, members of a particular group.
STEREOTYPE
It is a generalized view or preconception about attributes, or characteristics that are ought to be possessed by women and men or the roles that are or should be performed by men and women.
Gender Stereotype
Is the practice of ascribing to an individual woman or man specific attributes, characteristics, or roles by reason only of her or his membership in the social group of women or men.
Gender Stereotyping
