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NMSP Exam 3 > Gender and Sexuality-Schmidt > Flashcards

Gender and Sexuality-Schmidt Flashcards

1
Q

You should address risk factors to prevent outcomes

high risk _ can lead to high risk _ which leads to undesired _

A

factors

behaviors

outcomes

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2
Q

what are some examples of high risk factors?

A

substances use, limited access to care, poor health literacy about STIs, young age, poor communication skills

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3
Q

what are some examples of high risk behaviors

A

unprotected sex (anal, vaginal, oral)

multiple sex partners, high risk partner, sex trade world, IV drug use

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4
Q

what are some examples of undesired outcomes

A

STI, unwanted pregnancy, relationship complications, poverty

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5
Q

what are the 4 phases of the sexual response cycle

A

Desire, Excitement, Orgasm, Resolution

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6
Q

what are the 3 components of “DESIRE” in the sexual response cycle

A

sexual drive- biological and or genital sensations/thoughts of sex

motivation- psychological and willingness to offer your body for sex

wish fulfillment- social, hoping for sex/expectations for sex which can be culturally influenced

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7
Q

explain the “EXCITEMENT PHASE” in the sexual response cycle

A

this is “arousal”

that can last several minutes to several hours, where there is an erection/vaginal lubrication, nipples will harden and respiratory/cardio rate will increase (BP will increase as well)

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8
Q

what are the two basic physiological processes that our during the EXCITEMENT stage of the sexual response cycle

A
  1. vasodilation/constriction: where there is engorgement of blood vessels of the genitals as a result of dilation of the blood vessels
  2. Myotonia: muscle contractions not only in the genitals but all throughout the body
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9
Q

describe phase three “ORGASM” in the sexual response cycle

A

peak of sexual pleasure where there is a release of sexual pleasure and the rhythmic contraction of the perinatal muscles and the pelvic reproductive organs

it typically will last from 3-25 seconds

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10
Q

how long does the “ORGASM PHASE LAST”

A

3-25 seconds

orgasm:peak of sexual pleasure where there is a release of sexual pleasure and the rhythmic contraction of the perinatal muscles and the pelvic reproductive organs

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11
Q

what is phase 4 “RESOLUTION” of the sexual response cycle

A

disgorgement of blood from the genitalia and the body will return to its resting state. IF orgasm has occurred the resolution is rapid and accompanies by a general self of well being

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12
Q

if orgasm has occurred resolution is _ and accompanied by a general sense of well-being

A

rapid

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13
Q

if an orgasm does not occur then resolution may take up to ?

A

2-6 hours

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14
Q

females have no _ period but usually need time for resolution

A

refractory

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15
Q

Education for timing and coordination teaches patients about?

A

the sexual response cycle so they know what is normal for themselves and their partners

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16
Q

what is male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

A

this is persistent/recurrent absent sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity

has to be ongoing for about 6 months

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17
Q

what is female sexual interest/arousal disorder

A

lack of or significantly reduced sexual interest/arousal with as least 3 of the following for 6 MONTHS

-reduced interest in sexual activity
-absent or reduced sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies
-none or reduced imitation of sexual activity and unreceptive to partners attempts
-absent sexual pleasure
-absent sexual interest/arousal response
-absent genital/non genital sensations

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18
Q

what is erectile dysfunction

A

at least one of the three following occasions must be experienced on 75-100% of sexual encounters for 6 months

-difficulty obtaining an erection
-difficulty maintaining an erection until completion
-marked decreased in erectile rigidity

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19
Q

Erectile dysfunction risk factors

A

Hypertension, Diabetes, Smoking, CAD, alcoholism, priapism treatment

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20
Q

what is female orgasmic disorder

A

persistent or recurrent delay in orgasm or reduced intensity following normal sexual excitement for 6 months

**best way to combat this is when education

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21
Q

what is delayed ejaculation

A

marked delay in ejaculation or inference of ejaculation for 6 months

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22
Q

what is premature ejaculation

A

persistent early ejaculation within 1 minute following penetration for 6 months

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23
Q

what is Genito-pelvic pain penetration disorder

A

difficulties in vaginal penetration, or vulvovaginal pain during penetration

OR

fear and anxiety about pain

OR

tensing/tightening of the pelvic floor muscles

FOR 6 months

24
Q

what is the vicious cycle of sexual dysfunction

A
  1. sexual dysfunction is actually experienced
  2. fear of failure again
  3. anxiety that interferes with some phase of the sexual response
25
Q

describe the general approach to treatment in someone with sexual dysfunction (5 possibilities)

A
  1. evaluate and treat the underlying medical condition
  2. consider medication side effects
  3. educate
  4. behavior therapy
  5. refer to counseling if there are relationship problems
26
Q

Behavioral therapy: sensate focus

A

no intercourse for a time period then systematically reintroduce sexual stimulation

27
Q

behavioral therapy: squeeze technique; Start-Stop method

A

this is used for premature ejaculation

28
Q

behavioral therapy: relaxation techniques

A

this can include systematic desenitization

29
Q

what increases knowledge and awareness of personal preferences and is a form of behavior therapy

A

masturbation

30
Q

what are categories of abnormal sexuality

A

sexuality that is not about a human sexual partner, sex that excludes stimulation of primary organs, is compulsive or injurious to self or others

31
Q

What is the definition of Paraphilia

A

any intense and persistent sexual interest other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or preparatory fondling with phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human partners, for at least 6 months

-this is an overarching term that describes several individual disorders

32
Q

what are the legal (non-victimizing) forms of paraphilias

A

fetishism
sexual masochism
transvestic fetishism
sexual sadism (mild)

33
Q

what are the illegal victimizing types of paraphilias ?

A

Voyeruism
Exhibitionistm
Pedophilia
Sexual Sadism

34
Q

what are the stats regarding paraphilias?

A

they are rare in the US
there is an early onset usually before the age of 18
Males are 20 times more likely to have them
and 50% of people are married

35
Q

Victimizing paraphilia have a high comorbidity with what disorder

A

antisocial personality disorder

36
Q

usually victimizing paraphilia people use _ as a defense mechanism

A

rationalization

37
Q

what is sexual masochism disorder?

A

when a person derives sexual pleasure from suffering/humiliation

-real acts of violence not just stimulation being afflicted upon them gets them off

38
Q

What is Hypoxyphilia ?

A

sexual arousal from oxygen deprivation - by way of chest compression, noose, ligature, plastic bag, mask, or any chemical

39
Q

the most common motivation for hypoxyphilia is?

A

fantasy of bondage and pain

40
Q

cerebral hypoxia makes a person dizzy and light headed and may increase the intensity of _

A

orgasm

41
Q

what is sexual sadism disorder

A

sexual arousal from physical and psychological suffering of another person

-the partner may or may not have consented (illegal if did not obtain consent)

42
Q

what is exhibitionism ?

A

exposure of genital to unsuspecting stranger in public

the shock/fear that is evoked is what leads to orgasm

this is illegal the victim is usually non consenting

43
Q

what is fetishistic disorder

A

this is sexual arousal from non-living objects or specific focus on non genital body parts like shows, socks, panties, feet

44
Q

what is frotteruisitc disorder?

A

touching or rubbing against a non consenting person

“image shows a man rubbing on a female with his crotch on the subway”

45
Q

what is transvestic disorder?

A

sexually arousing fantasies, urges or behaviors about cross dressing

(not related to gender identity)

46
Q

what is voyeuristic disorder?

A

sexual arosual by watching an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the shower, having sex, disrobing etc.

-must be 18+ years old

47
Q

wha tis pedophilic disorder?

A

sexual fantasies, burgers, or activity with a prepubescent child usually under the age of 13

pedophile must be 16+ and at least 5 years older than the child

48
Q

Exclusive pedophilia

A

sexual interest in children only

49
Q

non-exclusive pedophilia

A

usually heterosexual male and married

50
Q

pedophilia disorder has nearly a 100% recidivism rate

  • what are the risk factors for recidivism
A

male victims, stranger victims, prior sex offenses, lack of cohabitation history with adult partner

51
Q

what are some behavioral therapies for pedophilic disorders

A

aversive therapy
desensitization
social skill training
orgasmic reconditioning

  • all have low success rates
52
Q

pedophilia therapies:

aversive therapy reduces _

desensitization neutralizes _

social skills training forms better _

orgasmic reconditioning teaches more appropriate mental imagery for sexual fantasies

A

pleasure

anxiety

interpersonal relationships

53
Q

patient centered care affirms _

A

gender

54
Q

what are three thing we can do that is gender affirming and patient centered care

A

respect for patient preferences, emotional support and alleviation of fear and anxiety, access to care

55
Q

initial steps in affirming gender

A

ASK about gender identity

USE patients pronouns

LEARN the standard of care

56
Q

is it true that there is scientific evidence for surgical regret with gene affirming surgery ?

A

-1% which is less than total knee arthroplasty at 17.1% and tattoo removal at 12%

57
Q

what are some aspects of gender affirming care that might not be controversial and that all physicians despite your religious background and morals can implement

A

non-maleficence- ask about safety (intimate partner violence

justice in giving them the initial steps for gender affirming care

provide autonomy- support social transition by encouraging a safe friendship group, use declared pronouns

NMSP Exam 3 (11 decks)

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