Gender

Question 1

Ministry of justice 2017

Answer 1

• 74% of defendants prosecuted were male and 26% female

- 90 % of the prison population in the uk is men only 5% women

Question 2

Facts about arrests and the police

Answer 2

Women account for 16% of all arrests in UK and men 84%

Only 29.1% of police in Uk are women and are mostly in low ranking positions

Question 3

Lombroso

Answer 3

Normal women have characteristics that repel them from criminal behaviour. Biology prevents it and female criminality is connected to abnormal female biology. As he studied face structure and thighs of sex workers and normal women

Question 4

Pollak 1950

Answer 4

-Due to female biology women have learnt to lie to men, hiding pain and discomfort during periods and fake interest and pleasure in sex. So women are therefore good at hiding crimes.

Question 5

Chivalry thesis

Answer 5

Pollak

Mostly men in CJS especially in higher positions eg judges. They want to protect women therefore are less harsh on them.

Question 6

Sex role theory

Answer 6

Women are less likely to commit crime then men as female gender role limits there ablilty and opportunity to. Whereas the male gender role encourages it and gives them more opportunity to do so.

Girls are socialised to be caring, passive and domestic. eg. Baby dolls

Boys are socialised to be tough, aggressive, individualist. eg army toys breadwinner

Question 7

Messerschmidt 1993

Answer 7

Males are socialised to be tough aggressive, and breedwinner

Question 8

Cohen

Answer 8

Boys have a lack of male role models so they turn to street gangs for masculine identity

Question 9

Mcrobbie

Answer 9

Girls have a bedroom culture
Boys are always told to play outside etc

She looked at how the media portrays men as tough etc
Women sexualised, fragile, home wife’s

Question 10

Social control theory

Answer 10

Ideological control:women discouraged from indecent behaviour. Socialised I’m female gender roles

• Control I’m family: They are more strict with girls and boys have more freedom. eg going out at night ( Abbott and Wallace 1996)
• Control at home: Housewives and mothers
• Control in public: fear of rapes due to media. Fear of defined as not respectable
• Control at work: Glass ceiling women can’t get in to higher positions to be able to commit crimes like white collar crime

Question 11

Liberation theory Adler(1975)

Answer 11

As opportunities become more equal like more women working therefore, women’s participation in crime increases.