Gender

Question 1

Define Sex

Answer 1

The biological difference between males and females.
Including:
- Chromosomes
- Hormones 
- Anatomy

Question 2

Define Gender

Answer 2

The psychological and cultural differences between males and females.
Including:
- Attitudes
- Behaviors 
- Social roles

Question 3

Define Gender identity disorder

Answer 3

When an individuals biological sex and gender identity don’t correspond.

Question 4

What is a sex role stereotype?

Answer 4

A set of shared expectations that people within a society or culture hold about what is acceptable or usual behavior for males and females.

Question 5

What is Androgyny?

Answer 5

Displaying a balance of masculine and feminine characteristics in ones personality

Question 6

Who first measured androgyny and what did they suggest about a high score?

Answer 6

Created by Sandra Bem. Suggested that high androgyny is associated with psychological well-being.

Question 7

One evaluation of Androgyny and the BSRI

Answer 7

• BSRI oversimplifies a complex concept

Question 8

What is the role of chromosomes?

Answer 8

Chromosomes (23rd one) determine the sex of the zygote. Ovums can supply X whereas sperm can supply X or Y.
XX = female
XY = male

Question 9

What is AIS?

Answer 9

Androgen insensitivity syndrome. When a genetic male is resistant to male hormones, as a result the person has some or all of the physical traits of a women but genetic make up of a male.

Question 10

What is the role of hormones in gender development?

Answer 10

Prenatally - hormones act upon brain development and cause development of reproductive organs

Puberty - burst of hormonal activity triggers development of secondary sexual characteristics (pubic hair)

Question 11

What is the main hormone associated with male development and when does it begin to produce?

Answer 11

Testosterone.

At around 8 weeks or foetal development.

Question 12

What animal study looked into the correlation between testosterone and aggression?

What did he find?

Answer 12

Van de Poll (1988) showed that female rats who had been injected with testosterone became more psychically and sexually aggressive.

Question 13

What is the main hormone associated with female development?

Answer 13

Oestrogen.
Determines female sexual characteristics as well as for some women makes them more emotional or irritable during mensuration

Question 14

Evaluation of the role of chromosomes and hormones.

Answer 14

• real life case studies support the role of C and H as well as AID (David Reimer)
• opposing evidence by Ray tricker who did a double blind trial on 43 males where they were injected weekly with testosterone or a placebo. No changes in aggression were noted over 10 weeks
• biological accounts that reduce gender to the level of chromosomes or hormones have been accused of ignoring alternate explanations for gender development.