gender Flashcards
what is the difference between sex and gender?
sex is the biological differences
gender refers to the socially expected characteristics
who produced the deficit theory?
robin lakoff
what was the article called in which she referenced aspects of women’s speech?
women’s language
what are the the assumptions lackoff believed women’s speech includes?
Hedge: Use (super)polite forms: Use tag questions: Use empty adjectives Use direct quotation. Use question intonation in declarative statements: Use “wh-” imperatives: Speak less frequently Overuse qualifiers: Use modal constructions: Avoid coarse language or expletives Use indirect commands and requests: Use more intensifiers: Lack a sense of humour: women do not tell jokes well and often don't understand the punch line of jokes.
how can lackoff be criticised/which aspect in particular?
lack of humour
hard to standardise
cant explain female comedians (Miranda hart)
who produced the difference theory?
deborah tannen
how many contrasts did tannen say men and women had in their language?
6
what were the six contrasts that tannen theorised?
Status vs. support Independence vs. intimacy Advice vs. understanding Information vs. feelings Orders vs. proposals Conflict vs. compromise
what is important about the way tannen produced the six contrasts, what view is she trying to portray?
the male characteristic comes first, showing that she may feel that due to these differences men are still dominant
what is another idea included in tannens theory?
the idea that the male is the norm
what evidence does tannen produce that deals with males being the norm?
the idea that the words ‘man’ ‘mankind’ ‘men’ can represent a whole species as well as a specific gender whereas women only represents a gender
why has tannens ideas been criticised?
as they are based on minimal science and many have said that they are simply a reflection of stereotypes
who is theorist for dominance?
zimmerman and west
what did zimmerman and west find?
that when looking at mixed sex conversations they found that men were more likely to interrupt
assert dominance
what did coates say about gender?
that women have been oppressed which is then shown in language
women and men are socialised differently
