Gender

Question 0

Her research shows a fundamental shift in women’s values and it is so powerful that it creates a ‘gender quake’ -led to the ‘feminisation of the woman’s work place’ which has given a revolution to the ambitions of women

Answer 0

Wilkinson

Question 1

Suggests that young female are becoming more assertive of their rights and prioritise education above marriage and family-some women divorce in order to escape the traditional housewife role

Answer 1

Sharpe

Question 2

Flexibility and convergence for both men and women in their gender roles, young people are moving away from gender stereotypes and trying out both masculine and feminine character traits

Answer 2

Wilkinson

Question 3

Argues that women don’t have equal access to top jobs coz they are expected to look after the home, child and do chores

Answer 3

Walter

Question 4

Women are more religious than men- females are submissive, obi diner and nurturing, these norms and values are taught in religion, women have more time for religion as they have lower rates of work participation

Answer 4

Watson

Question 5

Interviews 3 Muslim women-they found the veil liberating-less chance of being objectified

Answer 5

Watson

Question 6

Working class males had no insecurities of their purpose as men as hemeogenic masculinity was no longer relevant/

Answer 6

Mac an ghail

Question 7

Documented Three forms of masculinity-complicit-believe men and women should have conjugal roles
Subordinate-.gay
Marginalised-try to follow hegemonic masculinity despite not fitting the criteria

Answer 7

Connell

Question 8

Content analysis in young women’s magazines from 1949-80 and found they promoted a traditional idea of femininity and that girls should try and be beautiful

Answer 8

Ferguson

Question 9

Content analysis on young women’s magazines-encouraged them to be assertive confident and supportive

Answer 9

Mcrobbie

Question 10

Found there is strong evidence that women are represented by a broader range of roles however gender in the media shows women are expected to be sexy and stylish

Answer 10

Gauntlett

Question 11

Found masculine identity is linked with many men as being builders

Answer 11

Billing ton

Question 12

Teenagers in London schools stress on looking good, he argues this isn’t natural femininity, it is forced soon them, if they do not do it they will be called slags

Answer 12

Lees

Question 13

Found representation of women in media is biased- over emphasises women’s domestic, sexual, consumer and martial activities and excludes everything else-unlike men

Answer 13

Tunstall

Question 14

Found changes in media: an increase in the proportion of main female characters from 18% in 92 to 43% in 95. Women’s Main representation As a housewife was only 3% and a marked shift towards equality(men and women characters were seen equal)

Answer 14

Gauntlett

Question 15

Claimed education was seen as a major source of gender inequality. Because of this he found the female identity taught in the 70s was ‘love, marriage, husbands, children, jobs and career’ in that order

Answer 15

Sharpe

Question 16

In a primary school she found posters and artwork of boys being naughty and girls being good, boys taught to be violent in p.e and girls referred to as “sweetheart” and boys as “you” or “that boy”.

Answer 16

Sharpe

Question 17

Found Hegemonic masculinity means dominant, competitive and strong, it’s the traditional male attitude

Answer 17

Connell

Question 18

Discovered primary school boys construct alternate forms of masculinity-academic, artistic, this conflicts with hemeogenic masculinity so they adopt strategies to prevent looking feminine

Answer 18

Renold

Question 19

Argues that men have a biologically inbuilt ‘dominance tendency’-this is why they occupy the top roles in society.

Answer 19

Goldberg

Question 20

Discovered in tribes from new Guinea- murdugamor:male/female=masculine
Arapesh:male/female=feminine
Tchambull:reverse stereotypes

Answer 20

Mead

Question 21

Family pushing gender stereotypes:
Manipulation:they encourage or discourage gender appropriate behaviour(boys don’t cry)
Canalisation:the way in which parents channel children’s interests into gender appropriate activities(girls-dance.boys-football)

Answer 21

Oakley

Question 22

Found it was almost impossible for children to overcome the cultural pressure of all social control agents pushing gender stereotypes

Answer 22

Stantham