Gender

Question 1

They critique the narrow focus on certain topics and the exclusion of others, particularly women’s experiences.

Answer 1

Limited Scope of Inquiry

Question 2

This approach focuses on the histories of marginalized groups, providing a “history from below.”

Answer 2

Subaltern Studies

Question 3

Emphasizing women’s active roles and contributions throughout history.

Answer 3

Focus on Women’s Agency

Question 4

Including the experiences of men who are marginalized due to class, race, or other factors.

Answer 4

Making Subaltern Men Visible

Question 5

Consider the specific historical, social, and cultural contexts that shape gender relations.

Answer 5

Contextualization:

Question 6

Analyze how gender intersects with other identities like race, class, and ethnicity.

Answer 6

Intersectionality:

Question 7

Techniques like in-depth interviews can provide rich insights into individuals’ lived experiences.

Answer 7

Qualitative Methods:

Question 8

Data on demographics, attitudes, and economic factors

Answer 8

Quantitative Methods:

Question 9

Critically considering one’s own role, biases, and assumptions in the research process and acknowledging how they shape data collection and interpretation.

Answer 9

Reflexivity:

Question 10

The social and political context that creates your identity in terms of race, class, gender, sexuality, ability status, and other factors. It influences how you perceive and interpret the world.

Answer 10

Positionality:

Question 11

A philosophical perspective that argues that knowledge stems from social position. The standpoint of marginalized groups offers a less distorted view of social relations than the dominant perspective.

Answer 11

Standpoint Epistemology:

Question 12

A social system in which men hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property.

Answer 12

Patriarchy:

Question 13

A specific way of talking about a topic or area of knowledge that establishes the boundaries of thought and produces particular kinds of knowledge.

Answer 13

Discourse:

Question 14

Leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others. Intellectual or cultural dominance.

Answer 14

Hegemony:

Question 15

A, oppressed, or marginalized group

Answer 15

Subaltern:

Question 16

A pair of related terms or concepts that are opposite in meaning. Often used to analyze cultural constructions of meaning and power dynamics.

Answer 16

Binary Opposition:

Question 17

: A critical approach that analyzes how meaning is produced and destabilizes seemingly fixed categories and oppositions.

Answer 17

Deconstruction

Question 18

The view that categories of people, such as women or men, have intrinsically different and unchanging characteristics.

Answer 18

Essentialism:

Question 19

How those symbolic meanings are translated into social norms and expectations.

Answer 19

Normative concepts:

Question 20

refers to the work involved in caring for and raising a family, including tasks such as cooking, cleaning, childcare, and elder care.

Answer 20

Reproductive labor

Question 21

Recognizing diverse experiences from various subject positions, aiming to uncover the voices of the less powerful, and understanding that people are both the source and outcome of historical processes and power relations.

Answer 21

Subjectivity:

Question 22

Ataerkillik

Answer 22

Patriarchy:

Question 23

It challenges the notion of a “trickle-down” approach to social justice, where addressing one form of oppression is assumed to benefit all members of a group equall

Answer 23

Intersectionality

Question 24

Liberal feminist theories

Answer 24

Focus on rights and challenging the patriarchal model of citizenship. They often implicitly conceptualize the state as a neutral arbiter(hakem).

Question 25

• Radical feminist theories:

Answer 25

Challenge patriarchy as a social system. There are debates about the universality of patriarchy.

Question 26

Socialist feminist theories:

Answer 26

View the capitalist state as pursuing class interests that cause sexual politics. There are problems with this causal relationship.

Question 27

Connell’s Theory

Answer 27

The state produces, reproduces, and/or transforms gender through various mechanisms, including constitutions, legal infrastructure, policymaking, political socialization, norms, and everyday practices.

Question 28

Kenny’s Feminist Approach

Answer 28

Kenny highlights the importance of examining both the formal and informal dimensions of institutions to understand how gender is embedded in political processes.

Question 29

A culturally dominant ideal of masculinity that emphasizes aggression, competition, and dominance.

Answer 29

Hegemonic Masculinity

Question 30

A conceptual separation between the public sphere of politics and the private sphere of family and domestic life, often used to justify the exclusion of women from political participation.

Answer 30

Public/Private Divide

Question 31

The tendency to center men’s experiences and perspectives in analysis, often leading to the marginalization or exclusion of women’s experiences and perspectives.

Answer 31

Androcentric Bias

Question 32

A model of the individual as autonomous, self-interested, and disconnected from social influences and relationships, often associated with neoclassical economics.

Answer 32

Separative Self Model:

Question 33

The assumption in economics that individual preferences are predetermined and unaffected by social interactions or market forces.

Answer 33

Exogenous Tastes:

Question 34

The ability to compare the levels of satisfaction or well-being between different individuals, a concept often considered impossible in neoclassical economics.

Answer 34

Interpersonal Utility Comparisons:

Question 35

Discrimination behavior directed towards specific individuals or groups, often based on shared identities or affiliations, which can reinforce existing inequalities.

Answer 35

Selective Altruism

Question 36

The activities and labor involved in maintaining and reproducing human life, both daily and generationally, often performed by women and undervalued in traditional economic frameworks.

Answer 36

Social Reproduction

Question 37

A concept introduced by Karl Polanyi, referring to elements like labor, land, and money that are treated as commodities in market societies, despite not being produced for sale and having social and ecological implications beyond their market value.

Answer 37

Fictitious Commodities

Question 38

The sector of the economy that involves the provision of care services, including childcare,

Answer 38

Care Economy:

Question 38

The management and decision-making processes within households, encompassing economic, social, and political dimensions, often overlooked in mainstream economic analysis.

Answer 38

Household Governance

Question 39

The increasing trend of treating care work as a commodity to be bought and sold in the market, potentially leading to both benefits and drawbacks in terms of its recognition and valuation.

Answer 39

Financialization of Care:

Question 40

A framework that recognizes a plurality of economic activities and logics beyond the dominant capitalist model, including non-market activities, social enterprises, and alternative forms of exchange.

Answer 40

Diverse Economies:

Question 41

(kapsamak)

Answer 41

encompasses

Question 42

(sürdürmek

Answer 42

Perpetuates

Question 43

A simplistic and often problematic division of the world that often reinforces stereotypes and essentializes cultural differences, neglecting internal diversity and shared experiences.

Answer 43

West Versus East Binary

Question 44

The view that ethical and social standards are relative to their specific cultural context, potentially challenging the universality of human rights norms.

Answer 44

Cultural Relativism

Question 44

A key international human rights treaty that defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination.

Answer 44

CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women)

Question 45

Formal statements made by states upon ratifying a treaty, specifying that they will not be bound by certain provisions(hüküm), often justified by appeals to cultural or religious norms.

Answer 45

Reservations:

Question 46

(hukuki sistem)

Answer 46

jurisprudence

Question 46

The imposition of cultural values and practices from one (often dominant) culture onto another, often raised as a critique of efforts to promote universal human rights.

Answer 46

Cultural Imperialism

Question 47

The principle within Islamic jurisprudence(hukuki sistem) emphasizing independent reasoning and interpretation of religious texts, allowing for evolving interpretations that can accommodate changing social realities. By highlighting the possibility of reinterpreting religious texts, the committee challenges the notion that culture or religion can be used as a shield to circumvent(kaçınmak) universal human rights obligations.

Answer 47

• Principle of El Ijtihad

Question 48

(kaçınmak)

Answer 48

circumvent

Question 49

Processes aimed at rebuilding societies and institutions in the aftermath of conflict, often involving international interventions and focusing on areas like governance, security, and development.

Answer 49

Post-Conflict Reconstruction:

Question 50

Integrating a gender perspective into all policies and programs, aiming to promote gender equality in various sectors.

Answer 50

Gender Mainstreaming

Question 51

Attempts to establish democratic institutions and processes through external interventions and blueprints, often neglecting historical and contextual factors.

Answer 51

Democracy by Design

Question 52

Ideologies and movements emphasizing traditional values and social hierarchies, often resistant to changes in gender roles and relations.

Answer 52

Social Conservatism

Question 52

A situation where political representation and rights are organized primarily along religious or ethnic lines, potentially undermining individual rights and national unity.

Answer 52

Communalisation of Politics:

Question 53

Processes that treat women as objects of economic exchange or exploitation, evident in practices like trafficking, forced marriage, and debt bondage.

Answer 53

Commodification of Women:

Question 54

Organizations and individuals working across national borders to advance women’s rights and gender justice, often advocating within international governance institutions.

Answer 54

Transnational Feminist Networks: