Gender Flashcards
Ferguson Traditional femininity
Ferguson :conducted content analysis of magazine of women’s magazines and found they were based around a cult of femininity which entailed they were reinforcing hegemonic femininity ie women’s lives revolving around marriage,children and their looks an this is how excellence is achieved - link mcrobbie
Parsons Traditional femininity / masculinity
Parsons - Females have an expressive role in the family. Males have an instrumental role meaning that they are the breadwinner.
girls naturally have an expressive personality (childbearing roles) but its reinforced by socialisation (Oakley, manipulation, canalisation, verbal appellation and domestic activities)
and males are the breadwinners (protectors) natural-based off of strength but reinforced through socialisation (oakley)
Mitos and Browne Traditional Masculinity
Culture of masculinity: GCSE results showed that boys were less successful than girls in education and they suggested the reasoning for this was that teachers tended to be less strict with boys allowing them to underachieve and not fulfil their full potential. Teachers were also more likely to label boys as disruptive and they were more likely to form an anti-school culture (Willis), hindering their ability to achieve. Socialised boys into gender role
Jackson Changing Femininity
Ladettes: The idea of the female version of a lad, who is often associated with heavy drinking and loudness. The feminine and masculine identities are socially constructed and we are beginning to see a change in them through studies such as the ladettes. Ladettes are portrayed negatively in the media and are blamed for alcoholism, child neglect, violence and crime. These Ladettes are shown through schools and they often smoke, swear and disturb lessons. This is seen very negatively and seen as arrogance whereas boys will show the same traits however it is expected of them and tolerated.
Connell Changing Masculinity
argues that masculinity no longer refers to one kind of behaviour,there are actually different forms of masculinity which emerge and change over time: hegemonic masculinity: traditional forms of masculinity ie heterosexual masc
Complicit: men that believe men and women should share roles (new man)
Subordinate masculinity: less powerful and carry lower status ie homosexual
Marginalised: mascuine identity held by men who work traditional jobs and feel their masculinity is under threat
Nixon and Mort Changing Masculinity
laundrette advert- attractive men doing women’s job made it appealing to women and men. For men they wanted to look like the man so they did the same job and bought the same jeans or products he used.
new man - wearing beauty products and change in men’s consumption pattern through sexualisation of male body which only used to happen to women. laundrette advert
