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STUDY > GEN-BIOLOGY > Flashcards

GEN-BIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Relative Dating

A

determine whether an object or event is older or younger than other object/events.

Tool: Sedimentary Rock - fossils deposited in these rock

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2
Q

Absolute Dating

A

measure the age of an object/event

Tool: Radioactive- unstable isotopes the break down stable isotopes

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3
Q

Geologic Time

A

indicates the life forms present in different periods

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4
Q

When did life begin?

A

Earth is 4.5 billion years old from radiometric dating stromatolites are “living rock that scientists discovered and dated to 3.5 billion years old

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5
Q

GIS

A

Age- million yrs
Epoch- Tens of Million years
Period- one hundred million years
era- several hundred million years
eon- half a billion yrs or more

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6
Q

Precambrian

A

4.1 billion years ago, 88% history happened. Ocean and atmosphere were formed, crust and core stabilized.

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7
Q

Archean

A

earth became warm. Most of earth was still covered with water

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8
Q

Proterozoic era

A

atmosphere began to have oxygen and multicellular animals spread

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9
Q

Paleozoic era

A

fossils of marine invertebrates were formed in sedimentary layers.

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10
Q

During the middle of Paleozoic era

A

marine life forms developed shells

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11
Q

Devonian Period

A

animals began to breathe air

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12
Q

During late of Paleozoic era

A

reptiles appear were they lay eggs

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13
Q

Mesozoic era

A

break up of major land masses. largest creature appear

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14
Q

Cenozoic era

A

mountains uplifted

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15
Q

Triassic

A

first dinosaur and first mammal appear

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16
Q

Jurrasic

A

golden age of dinosaur and first bird appear

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17
Q

Paleocene epoch

A

first horse appear

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18
Q

Eocene

A

grasses spread and large mammals developed

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18
Q

Oligocene

A

dogs,cats and apes appear

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19
Q

Pliocene

A

hominids apes developed

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20
Q

Pleistocene

A

modern humans developed

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21
Q

Holocene

A

humans flourish to earth

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22
Q

Descent with modification

A

passing of traits

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22
Q

What do you call the passing of traits?

A

heredity

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23
Q

what is the basic unit of heredity?

A

genes

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24
Q

Who describe the evolution?

A

Charles Darwin

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25
Q

Who is charles darwin?

A

(1809-1882) born in western England. Study medicine at the University of Edinburgh (16 yrs old). Enrolled in Cambridge University.

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26
Q

Natural selection

A

when species adapts to its environment.

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27
Q

DOMAIN

A

Bacteria, Eukarya, Archae

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28
Q

KINGDOM

A

Protista, fungi. plantae, animalia, monera

29
Q

Phylum

A

Cnidaria, anthropada, chordata, porifera, nematoda

30
Q

Class

A

Mammalia, monocotyledonae

31
Q

Order

A

chiroptra, primates, carnivora, cetacea, insectivora, arecales

32
Q

Family

A

arecaceae, felidae, canidae

33
Q

Genus

A

panthera, canis

34
Q

species

A

sapiens, catus, vulpes, leo

35
Q

Highest level

A

Kingdom

36
Q

group of related classes

A

Phylum

37
Q

Group of related orders

A

Class

38
Q

group of related families

A

order

39
Q

related genera

A

family

40
Q

related species

A

genus

41
Q

similar individual

A

species

42
Q

How do taxonomies group organism

A

By Biological significant

43
Q

How do biologist group organism

A

logical manner and to name them

44
Q

Who is the Swedish scientist

A

Carolus Linnaeus

45
Q

What did Carolus Linnaeus developed?

A

Binomial structure

46
Q

First stage in evolution

A

Fossil

47
Q

What is Fossil

A

ancient bones that is found in sedimentary rocks

48
Q

What is sedimentary rocks

A

composed of little sediments and it is the house of fossils

49
Q

what is the second stage of evolution

A

Embyology

49
Q

Examples of two embryos that resembles each other

A

Chicken and human embryo

49
Q

What is embryo?

A

early stage of development of an organism

50
Q

What is the third stage?

A

Comparative Anatomy

51
Q

What is comparative anatomy

A

Bone structure

52
Q

Two types of structures

A

Homologous structure and Analogous structure

53
Q

What is homologous structure?

A

same structure, different function

54
Q

What is Analogous structure?

A

same function, different structure

55
Q

It is the anatomic features that no longer have a purpose

A

Vestigial structure

56
Q

4th stage

A

Molecular Biology

57
Q

What is molecular Biology?

A

DNA. all humans have 99.9%identical. Humans and Chimp have 98%. Humans and bananas have 50% identical.

Scientist use MB to compare DNA

58
Q

What are the 4 stages?

A

Fossil evidence, embryology, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology

59
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

the process by which pieces of DNA are transferred from one organisms to another

60
Q

Example of genetic engineering

A

The tobacco plant glows in the dark [1986] and the gene is taken from a firefly

61
Q

What is needed to transfer a gene into a host cell?

A

Vector

62
Q

What is vector?

A

plasmids or viruses are vectors

63
Q

What is plasmid?

A

a circular piece of DNA in a bacterium

64
Q

What is the process of genetic engineering?

A
  1. DNA carrying a gene of interest is taken from a (e.g human) cell
    2.The gene is inserted into the DNA of another (host) cell
    3.The host cell now contains recombinant DNA
  2. The host cell multiplies
  3. The desired protein is produced
65
Q

What is an organism which has foreign DNA integrated into its genetic material is called?

A

Genetically Modified Organism GMO

foreign dna > enzymes cut dna > foregin dna is integrated

66
Q

what was the first hormone to be synthesized using genetic engineering?

A

Insulin

67
Q

What is recombinant DNA?

A

a DNA made from two different ogranisms. e,g human gene and bacterial plasmid

68
Q

What is the function of plasmid in genetic engineering?

A

Act as VECTOR to carry a specific gene into a host cell

69
Q

Before genetic engineering, where did insulin came from?

A

Pigs and cows

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