GEN BIO 4th Q

Question 1

A biological process in which different organisms have the ability to produce another of their kind

Answer 1

Reproduction

Question 2

The progressive changes in size, shape, and function during the life of an organism

Answer 2

Development

Question 3

2 stages of animal development

Answer 3

Reproduction and Development

Question 4

Types of Reproduction

Answer 4

Asexual and Sexual

Question 5

Mode of reproduction that does not involve the use of gametes or sex cells

Answer 5

Asexual reproduction

Question 6

Types of Asexual Reproduction

Answer 6

Binary Fission
Fragmentation
Regeneration
Budding

Question 7

The parent cell divides into two, with each daughter cell carrying a nucleus of its own that is genetically identical to the parent.

Answer 7

Binary Fission

Question 8

The parent body divides into several fragments, and each fragment develops into a new organism. (Planaria)

Answer 8

Fragmentation

Question 9

It is the power of growing a new organism from a lost body part

Answer 9

Regeneration

Question 10

It is the process of producing an individual through the buds that develop on the parent body.

Answer 10

Budding

Question 11

It is an organism that reproduces by budding

Answer 11

Hydra

Question 12

Asexual or Sexual

gives the ability to produce large quantities of offspring

Answer 12

Asexual

Question 13

Asexual or Sexual

need to find a mate away, allowing these organisms to multiply

Answer 13

Asexual

Question 14

Asexual or Sexual

can keep themselves alive and produce others to help them without the help of a mate, or other reproductive sources

Answer 14

Asexual

Question 15

Asexual or Sexual

do not have to carry their offspring for a long amount of time and produce more than one at a time.

Answer 15

Asexual

Question 16

Asexual or Sexual

Involves use of gametes and sex cells

Answer 16

Sexual

Question 17

Asexual or Sexual

Reproduction can take place by the participation of a single parent or two parents. Based on this, reproduction can be classified into two types.

Answer 17

Sexual

Question 18

Asexual or Sexual

This type of reproduction is more complex and lengthy

Answer 18

Sexual

Question 19

Asexual or Sexual

gives the benefit of variation and offspring are unique

Answer 19

Sexual

Question 20

Asexual or Sexual

It consists of a set of events and can be divided into three stages: Pre-fertilization, Fertilization, and Post-fertilization

Answer 20

Sexual

Question 21

Fraternal or Identical

2 eggs, 2 sperm

Answer 21

FRATERNAL

Question 22

Fraternal or Identical

1 egg, 1 sperm, nahati sa dalawa

Answer 22

Identical

Question 23

What’s gametes?

Answer 23

sex cells (egg cells and sperm cells)

Question 24

What’s Gonads?

Answer 24

reproductive organs (testes and ovaries)

Question 25

What's External Genetalia?

Answer 25

outer part (penis and vulva)

Question 26

What's ovulation?

Answer 26

once a month release of eggs

Question 27

What's menstruation?

Answer 27

not fertilized eggs

Question 28

The process of providing or obtaining food necessary for the health, survival, and growth of an organism.

Answer 28

Nutrition

Question 29

2 modes of nutrition

Answer 29

Autotrophs Heterotrophs

Question 30

Manufacture their own nutrients by synthesizing inorganic materials

Answer 30

Autotrophs

Question 31

Organisms that obtain energy from sunlight and chemicals to produce their own food

Answer 31

Autotrophs

Question 32

2 types of autotrophs

Answer 32

Photoautotrophic Chemoautotrophic

Question 33

Organisms directly use the energy from the sun and other inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide and water to form organic food

Answer 33

Photoautotrophic

Question 34

Organisms use chemicals to create simpler organic substances important for their survival

Answer 34

Chemoautotrophic

Question 35

Organisms that cannot make their own food and obtain their energy from other organisms

Answer 35

Heterotrophs

Question 36

Types of Heterotrophs

Answer 36

Saprophytic Parasitic Holozoic

Question 37

Organisms obtain their nutrients from dead organic matter

Answer 37

Saprophytic

Question 38

The organism takes food from another organism (host and parasites)

Answer 38

Parasitic

Question 39

Organisms feed by ingesting solid or liquid food (herbivore, omnivore, and carnivore)

Answer 39

Holozoic

Question 40

Roots that absorb nutrients

Answer 40

Hyphae

Question 41

A complex network of cells and proteins that protect the organism from diseases and other potentially damaging foreign bodies

Answer 41

Immune System

Question 42

It is caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists, and other pathogens

Answer 42

Infectious Disease

Question 43

Any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it

Answer 43

Antigen

Question 44

Usually found on the surface of pathogens, and are unique to that particular pathogen

Answer 44

Antigen

Question 45

A protein component of the immune system that circulates in the blood, recognizes foreign substances like bacteria and viruses and neutralizes them

Answer 45

Antibodies

Question 46

Regions that have a high ratio of different amino acids in a given position, relative to the most common amino acid in that position

Answer 46

Hypervariable

Question 47

2 classes of immune system

Answer 47

Innate Immune System Adaptive Immune System

Question 48

Innate Immune System is also known as

Answer 48

Nonspecific Defense

Question 49

These defenses are not directed against any pathogen but instead provide a guard against all infection

Answer 49

Innate Immune System

Question 50

It is an important part of the innate immune system and exhibits strong antimicrobial activities against pathogens

Answer 50

Lysozyme

Question 51

The body's most important nonspecific defense

Answer 51

Skin

Question 52

A type of white blood cells that circulates throughout the body, looking for potential threats, like bacteria and viruses, to engulf and destroy

Answer 52

Phagocytes

Question 53

Types of Phagocytes

Answer 53

Macrophages, Mast Cells, Monocytes, Neutrophils

Question 54

Adaptive Immune System is also known as

Answer 54

Acquired Immunity

Question 55

Activated by exposure to pathogens, it uses an immunological memory to learn about the threat and enhance the immune response accordingly

Answer 55

Adaptive Immune System

Question 56

A small white blood cell (leukocyte) that plays a large role in defending the body against disease

Answer 56

Lymphocytes

Question 57

they destroy compromised cells in the body and help alert other leukocytes

Answer 57

T-cells

Question 58

Types of T-cells

Answer 58

Helper T-cells and Killer aka Cytotoxic T-cells

Question 59

they produce antibodies and help alert the T lymphocytes

Answer 59

B-cells

Question 60

Types of B-cells

Answer 60

Plasma B-cells and Memory B-cells

Question 61

Process of maintaining a stable internal (our body) environment suitable for sustaining life

Answer 61

Homeostasis

Question 62

5 components of homeostasis

Answer 62

Stimulus Receptor Control Center Effector Response

Question 63

A structure that produces the change

Answer 63

Stimulus

Question 64

A structure that detects change

Answer 64

Receptor

Question 65

A structure that determines the appropriate response to the stimulus

Answer 65

Control Center

Question 66

Can be organs, glands, or tissues that are instructed to adjust the amount of output that produces the desired effect

Answer 66

Effector

Question 67

The outcome of the adjustment should remove the initial stimulus

Answer 67

Response

Question 68

A physiological loop that brings the body either toward or away from the normal steady-state

Answer 68

Feedback Mechanism

Question 69

Feedback Mechanism are also known as

Answer 69

Feedback Loop

Question 70

2 types of feedback loops

Answer 70

Negative Feedback Mechanism Positive Feedback Mechanism

Question 71

It allows the internal condition of the body to go back to its normal or ideal state by inhibiting or removing stimulus

Answer 71

Negative Feedback Mechanism

Question 72

3 types of Negative Feedback Mechanism

Answer 72

Osmoregulation Blood Sugar Regulation Thermoregulation

Question 73

If body temperature changes, mechanisms are induced to normal levels

Answer 73

Thermoregulation

Question 74

Insulin lowers blood glucose when levels are high Glucagon raises blood glucose when levels are low

Answer 74

Blood Sugar Regulation

Question 75

ADH is secreted to retain water when dehydrated and its release is inhibited when the body is hydrated

Answer 75

Osmoregulation

Question 76

What is ADH

Answer 76

Antidiuretic Hormone

Question 77

Sugar to glucagon

Answer 77

Glycogenesis

Question 78

Glucagon to sugar

Answer 78

Glycogenolysis

Question 79

wider blood vessel

Answer 79

Vasodilation

Question 80

narrow blood vessel

Answer 80

Vasoconstriction

Question 81

2 types of hormones from pancreas

Answer 81

Glucagon and Insulin

Question 82

It is an increase in the concentration of products or substances that also results in an increase in the rate of the process.

Answer 82

Positive Feedback Mechanism

Question 83

3 types of Positive Feedback Mechanism

Answer 83

Childbirth Lactation Blood Clotting

Question 84

stretching of uterine walls causes contractions that further stretch the walls

Answer 84

Childbirth

Question 85

The child feeding stimulates milk production, which causes further feeding (which continues until the baby stops feeding)

Answer 85

Lactation

Question 86

Platelets release clotting factors, which cause more platelets to aggregate at the site of injury

Answer 86

Blood Clotting