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Gs 1 Society > Gen > Flashcards

Gen Flashcards

1
Q

Define globalization

A

Globalization, according to sociologists, isan ongoing process that involves interconnected changes in the economic, cultural, social, and political spheres of society

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2
Q

Woman and globalization

A

Positive
1. Jobs - priya balasubramanian apple, nandini ramani Twitter
2. Higher pay- equality
3. Entrepreneurship- Nykaa- Falguni Nayar
4. Education

Negatives
1. Revlon and loreal and their beauty standards
2. Feminization of agri- no land titles
3. Double whammy- job and household
4. Sez- labor laws doesn’t apply- exploitation of woman
5. Call centers - night jobs - sexual exploitation
6. Mechanisation of jobs traditionally filled by women. Ex : textile

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3
Q

Globalization and relegion

A
  1. Ideas of liberty and equality - entry of women
  2. Question the age old customs which are detrimental

Negatives
1. Cultural anxiety when faced with globalisation- ghetto
2. Religious festivals fully expolited by corp houses ex : navaratri burger
3. Commercial spiritualism- yoga retreat centers, ayurveda products, healing crystals
4. Computer generated horoscope - impose upon the naive that error free
5. Social media - uni of Haifa

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4
Q

Define regionalism

A

Region is a Homogenous area with physical and cultural characteristics different from neighbours. Regionalism is an ideolgy that seeks to advance the interests of a region

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5
Q

Factors aiding communalism in India

A
  1. Political- vote bank and identity politics , twisting historical facts as per convinience
  2. Economic - mapilla rebellion one of the earliest example
  3. Administration failure - inefficient and sometimes complicated
  4. Ghettoisation
  5. Media
    A. Sensationalisation- tablighi jamat case
    B. Sudarshan tv- muslim upsc infiltration
    C. Tanishq ad withdrawal
  6. Tweet first think later, echo chambers, banglore clash
  7. Corporate commercialization -Jahn I riwaz diwali collection of fab India - though well intended- secularaization of only hinduism or islamisation of hinduism
  8. Inflammatory speeches of religious leaders - club house app
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6
Q

Western vs Indian model of secularism

A
  1. Principled distance vs outright exclusion
  2. State sponsored religious reform in India
  3. India - financial support to religious institutions
  4. Invidual freedom vs relegious community freedom
  5. Separate personal laws
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7
Q

Women’s org

A

Pre independence - more focused on strategic interest of woman ( protection against violence)
1. Sarojini naidu - woman India association - vote
2. Bharat sthree mahamandala - Ed, mrg
3. Cama, annie
4. Islamic- begum of bhopal
5. Gandhi

  1. 1970 - strategic gender interest to practical gender interest- material equality, employment and nature protection ( chipko movement) , anti price rise front in Maharashtra
  2. Post 1991- state feminism and NGOistion
    Nc women, gender Budgeting, RAHI FOUNDATION DELHI- work with adult women survivors,
  3. Now-
    - unconditional freedom - pink chaddi movement against moral policing, Pinjra todd movement against sexist curfew in student hostels
    - judicial intervention- Permanent commission for women, temple entry, adultery, reproductive rights
    - social media, globalisation- Me too movt
    - gender fluidity
    Ex: blue club media fellowship for Dalit trans woman
    - crimes- blank noise project against Eve teasing
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8
Q

Schemes for sc

A
  1. Safai karamchari fin and dev corporation
  2. National SC fin and dev corporation
  3. Venture capital fund for sc
  4. Stand up India
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9
Q

Poverty definition

A

Capability deprivation that leaves an individual unable to earn sufficient income through work or Entrepreneurship

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10
Q

Conclusion for migrants

A
  1. Kerala - apna ghar, insurance schemes etc
  2. Migrant children under SSA ( PARTHA MUKHOPADHYAY COMMITTEE)
  3. Govt schemes- svanidhi, ayushman Bharat, etc.

Ban ki moon - migration is an expression of human aspiration for dignity, safety and better future . Sdg 10

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11
Q

Why still rape or any other Violence

A
  1. Underreporting - patriarchy will dictate
  2. Mindset - taboo, honour of family
  3. Objectification - media
  4. Gap between sex explosion ( via media) and sex education
  5. Political will- upper caste , no participation of woman in policy making,
    Ex: ncrb 10 per day against Dalit woman in 2019
  6. Police - double trauma, NCRB 2021 data- 95% pendency rate on crime against women , delay, lack of patrollong
  7. Dignity vs livelihood
  8. Uncooperative corporates- no icc
  9. Loophole in law. Should submit annual report acc to POSHW. But format and filing procedure
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12
Q

Benifits of women in politics

A
  1. Un report - women legislators improve the economic performance of their constituency by 1.8% than male
  2. Esther Duflos study in Indian gram panchayats - female gram Pradhan invested in beneficial rural infra
  3. Redistributive policies and higher tax tolerance
  4. Jacinda ardens parl
  5. The future we choose- women led institutions most likely to act on cc
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13
Q

Constraints for women in politics

A
  1. Sarpanch pati- Damoh district
  2. Party will
  3. Literacy - 65%
  4. Leadership training
  5. Double burden - Mospi time use survey
  6. Trained introvert- soft spoken, naivity
  7. Online harassment of female politicians

Invisible women caroline perez- women in political spheres are deemed aggressive while men are assertive. This inturn influence their likeability and thier electsbility

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14
Q

Wf for women in politics

A
  1. Students- arya rajendran
  2. Intra party democracy
  3. Women reservation bill 2008+ quota within quota
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15
Q

Define caste

A

Caste is an endogamous group based on social hierarchy where position of individual is ascribed by birth rather than achieved status

Draw sun dig - endogamous, rigid mobility, common name, occupation, common festivals

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16
Q

Social effects of urbanisation

A
  1. Family and kinship- leaving behind family in village, nuclear , ties with distant family weakening
  2. Caste - SOCIAL ANONYMITY, class relationship than caste
  3. Status of women- formal and infirmal job, double burden
    ** women at work report by deloitee **
  4. Relegion- clashes ( cramped spaces, religious procession), ghettoisation,
    Ex: juhapura of Ahmedabad
  5. Regionalism - fake news on migrant attack in Tamil Nadu, ne exodus from Bangalore
  6. Children
    ** unesco GEM project - 80% migrant children in 7 Indian cities no access to education near worksites**
17
Q

Define slums

A

Contigous settlement where inhabitants are characterized as having inadequate housing and basic services

18
Q

Child marriage- data and reasons

A

Data- UNICEF- Home to one third of child brides .
More prevelant in rural areas

  1. Lack of edn - nfhs4 data- 45% women with no edn married b4 the age of 18
  2. Patriarchy- premarital sex
  3. Declining sex ratio- practice of exchanging Daughter for daughter in law

Sex ratio 919 in census 2011

  1. Economics of marriage - one less mouth to feed
  2. Cultural practices- ex: akha teej in Rajasthan where mass child wedding happens in many districts
  3. Ineffective implementation of law- PCMA 20066
19
Q

Ways to reduce child marriage

A
  1. Invest in edn
  2. Ensure registration
  3. Targeted social and behaviour change communication campaigns
  4. Child marriage free villages - like odisha which has 12000 such villages
  5. Shivaraj patil committee- ensure child protection committee and child marriage prohibition officers are doing their job
20
Q

Yes globalisation is a threat to out culture

A
  1. Art forms -
  2. Food mac
  3. Language
  4. Family- old age homes
  5. Edn - cultural context
  6. Mnc marginalises small
  7. Curcumin
21
Q

Globalisation is positively affecting our culture

A
  1. Glocalisation- global desi
  2. Indian art forms - darbar festival of London
  3. Yoga, ayurveda
  4. Language- abudhabi
  5. Indian ethos- oxaca village
  6. Vulnerable community - deoghar
  7. Cuisine customised to Indian taste - beef
  8. Indian festivals - Diwali and Pongal holiday in usa
22
Q

How regionalism promotes unity in diversity

A

1, focus on lack of distributive justice, relative deprivation
2. Enables solving of common problems and sense of brotherhood within the region
3. Competitive federalism
4. India.independence history - provincial congress committees
5. Regional political parties- diversity in parliament
6. Preservation of unique language and culture for generations

23
Q

Reasons for regionalism

A
  1. History
  2. Geography - Ne
  3. Internal colonisation, relative deprivation, lack of distributive justice
  4. Skewed political representations- Manipur hill vs valley clash
  5. Imposed ideology ( ethnic essentialism) - Gorkhaland movt
  6. Cultural assertion- belagaum dispute
  7. Regional autonomy/ soft separatism
  8. Tribal conflicts -
  9. Nativism - mns vs north India’s clash in Maharashtra
  10. Symbols of regional pride

** regionalism undercutting national interest - teesta, srilanka )

24
Q

Wf for regionalism

A
  1. Boundary dispute resin like namsai
  2. State as partners rather than competitors- Punjab offers rice to Karnataka for its free food grain scheme even though both states have different political parties
  3. Interstate migrants- Kerala 4mn - special schemes
  4. Instn mechanism - pooled sovereignty
  5. Learning regional languages in schools

It’s often said that india reflects the spirit of state nation than nation states

25
Q

Caste has lost its relevance but not really

A

Lost
1. Urbanisation and SOCIAL ANONYMITY
2. Merit based jobs
3. Education open to all
4. Modern liberal values
5. Trends of inter caste and exogamous marraige

BUT NOT REALLY
1. Caste based matrimonial
2. Discrimination even in education institutes - ex: Rohit Vemula, TN school headmistress
3. Reservation not changing the existential realities - Jadavpur univ santhal prof
4. Merit based jobs - Cisco
5. Political marginalization - Dalit panchayat prez of Madurai
6. Women as sign of caste honour-
** ncrb data 2019 - on an average india reported 10 cases of rape of Dalit women daily **
7, media - zomato ad recall

26
Q

Why should india have a new population policy

A
  1. One size do not fit all - TFR ( Bi, me, Jha, up, mani), life expectancy
  2. Feminization of population policy- tubectomies over vasectomies
  3. Demographic dividend window for 2 decades - how to effectively utilise it
  4. Helpage india report - 20% of elderly population by 2050
  5. Child sr- 919
  6. Urbanisation
  7. Child marraige and faulty transition to adulthood- nfhs4 - Murshidabad 40% child marraige
27
Q

Issues with slums basic headings

A
  1. Urban sprawl
  2. Affordable housing or basic amenities
  3. Unplanned and undocumented
  4. Labor market polarisation
  1. Low income residents - ex: Dharavi
  2. Clean water - Health— oop— poverty
  3. Debt trap - ngo fields of views
  4. Social exclusion - ex: kamatipura sex workers
  5. No social infra like edn - trapped
  6. Lack of law enforcement- breeding ground for crime. Ex: sonagachi
28
Q

India’s diversity disappearing

A
  1. Languages - Mahali, koro,dimamsa,, Last speaker of boa in Andaman
  2. Edn - dominated by English
  3. Tribals - integrationist approach , ashmarisation of education
  4. Globalisation and art form - Indian dance forms packaged into small version
  5. Sports - lathi Chora, gusthi, mallakhamb
  6. Disappearing art forms - because of lack of market access
    Ex: rogan painting, once widely spread in Kutch, now practiced only by one family
29
Q

What is contributing to the cultural unity of india inspite of its diversity

A
  1. Shared history - freedom struggle
  2. Common thread of all religions practiced - tolerance, compassion and love
  3. Shared appreciation of literature - Ramayana , Mahabharata
  4. Urbanisation - festivals of Delhi
  5. Educational institutions- arts festival
  6. National symbols and icon - flag, anthem, tajmahal
  7. Indians adapted to various cultural scenarios without losing their roots - yoga, meditation , traditional medicine
  8. Aritistic and intellectual heritage- art, architecture, philosophy
30
Q

Characteristics of tribes

A
  1. Primitive practices - jhum
  2. Unique culture - polyandry of Bhil
  3. Shyness of contact - sentinelese
  4. Backwardness - lancet report 2016- highest infant mortality among tribals
  5. Geographical isolation
  6. Inextricably linked to environment- cholanaiyakan tree worship
  7. Women held in high regard- matrilineal system of Khasi
  8. Unique institutions- manki munda nyay panchayats settled 20 year old dispute in Jharkhand
31
Q

Negative effects of globalisation on children

A
  1. Globalisation and cheap labor
  2. Ads targeting children
  3. Edn - rote learning
    ** ASER REPORT 2022**
  4. Health - junk
  5. Cultural homogenisation
  6. Cyber bullying and online risk
32
Q

Caste and globalisation

A

Positive
1. Awareness and advocacy via social media- project anti caste love
2. Intl scholarships and global job markets
3. Inter catste marraige
4. Global human right conventions
5. Social entrepreneurship, innovative org : Dalit solidarity network of uk
6. Movie art 15

Negative
1. Poor poorer -
2. Cultural stereotyping - zomato
3, industrial- land displacement disproportionately affecting low caste
P Sainath - development refugees

33
Q

Broad reasons for the Manipur clash

A
  1. Historical - British divide and rule, ILP
  2. Ethnic- tribes, relegion, entrenched social inequalities ( all officers, edn , health dominated by meities

Charles Taylor social imagination theory

  1. Political
    - assembly - 40/60 meities
    - kukiland, Nagalim
    - meities no property rights in hill
  2. Economy
    - non inclusive
    - narco
  3. Insurgency
    Aramba tengol, Kuki national org, nscn
  4. Immediate - single bench high court order of ST status to meities , suspension of operation
34
Q

Sex ratio graph

A

27- 33- 40

45-27-18

35
Q

Define communalism

A

Phenomenon in which it’s considered that people from same community has similar interest which is different and often antagonistic to the interests of people from other community

36
Q

Communalism thrives in economic deprivation

A
  1. Poor access to resources - mapilla revolt
  2. Economic deprivation leading to ghettoisation
    Ex- aAhmedabad ‘s juhapura
  3. Competition
    Ex: 2008 Indore riots - marginalisation of Muslim black smiths by Tin based industries
  4. Communal politics
  5. Unemployed youth -
    Case study : a recent newspaper investigation on moblyniching - most of the perpetrators were jobless, alcohol , illiterate
37
Q

Issues of migration

A

Rural
1. Demographic change - ruralisation of old age
2. Labor shortage in rural area
3. Feminization of agri
4. Urban - rural divide

Urban
1. Unplanned , undocumented migration ( Parth mukthophadyay commitee )
2. High cost of living - slums
3. Destruction of ecology, pollution
4. Gentrification - islands of prosperity ( gated society)
5. Cultural divides , xenophobia
Ex: MNS vs North Indians in Maharashtra
6. Rising gig economy,informalisation - out of estimated 150 mn urban work force only 73 mn had full time jobs ( sbi research )
7. World bank GEM report - 80% of migrant children in 7 Indian cities - no access to edn near work site

38
Q

Demographic dividend good

A
  1. Studies by economist like Julius simons — positive correlation between popln growth and productivity throughout history.
  2. Dig of economic growth
  3. More taxes
  4. Low dependency ratio- low social security investment
  5. Human capital of the world- more remittances
  6. Demand driven growth- consumer goods
  7. Will drive agricultural innovation ( as we have to produce more food ) - boserps theory
  8. Interstate migration- shortage in some parts
39
Q

Negatives of demographic div

A
  1. Educated and skilled
  2. Health care
  3. Hidden environmental cost — huge consumption, larger no. Of choices — not sustainable in the longer run
  4. Regional disparities — pension bill in aging states
  5. Jobs— service sector less jobs
  6. Feminisation and ruralisation of old age
  7. Higher demand for public service .ex: current infra like bridges not capable to handle the current population
  8. Higher risk of pandemics

Wf
1. Miltons freedman’s Memorandum to goi in 1955 strongly advocated investment in education rather than industries
2. Skill india
3. Startup india
4. Labor intensive
5. Agriprenurship , aquaculture

Gs 1 Society (1 decks)

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