GEE12 Additional Pointers Flashcards
This is an area that encompass a variety of designations, including national parks, wildlife reserves, and marine protected areas. Their primary goal is to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem services while providing opportunities for recreation and research.
Protected Areas
A protected area established for the enjoyment of the public, conservation of natural resources, and preservation of cultural heritage, often encompassing a variety of ecosystems.
National Parks
Involves protecting species within their natural habitats
In-situ: Conservation
Conservation of species outside their natural habitat (e.g., zoos, seed banks).
Ex-situ: Conservation
Unauthorized use of biological resources and traditional knowledge by corporations or individuals, often from developing countries.
Biopiracy
The illegal or legal trade of animals and plants, including endangered species.
Wildlife Trade
Non-native species that spread widely and cause harm to ecosystems, economy, or human health.
Example: Asian carp, kudzu, and zebra mussels.
Invasive Species
The exploration of biodiversity for new resources, particularly pharmaceuticals and agricultural products.
Bioprospecting
Species that are at risk of extinction in the near future.
Threatened Species
Impacts biodiversity through rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events.
Climate Change
Species that are symbolic of a particular habitat or conservation efforts (e.g., pandas, tigers, philippine eagle).
Iconic Species
UNESCO Stands For?
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Areas designated by UNESCO to promote sustainable development and conservation.
Examples: Yellowstone Biosphere Reserve and the Costa Rica Biosphere Reserve.
Biosphere Reserves
This habitat or area is essential for the survival of threatened or endangered species, specifically focused on their needs to ensure that these vital habitats are preserved to aid in their recovery.
Critical Habitats
Primarily aims to protect wildlife and their habitats, often providing a safe haven where human activities are limited to minimize disturbances.
Wildlife Sanctuaries
Global authority on the status of the natural world and the measures needed to safeguard it.
It conducts research, sets standards, and provides recommendations to protect ecosystems and species.
IUCN
IUCN Stands For?
IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature)
What target the focuses on the objective of Mainstream Biodiversity and Sustainable Use into Production Landscapes and Seascapes and Sectors.
By 2020, the mobilization of financial resources for effectively implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 from all sources,, should increase substantially. .
Target 20
An Area or Site contributing significantly to the global persistence of biodiversity.
They support a variety of species, especially those that are threatened or endemic. Identifying and protecting KBAs is critical for prioritizing conservation efforts and ensuring the persistence of biodiversity.
Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs)
Establishes a system of protected areas in the Philippines, aiming to conserve biodiversity and cultural heritage.
This act outlines processes for declaring and managing protected areas, emphasizing community involvement and sustainable resource management.
What Act?
RA 7586 (National Integrated Protected Areas System Act)
Conservation of wildlife resources and their habitats. What Act?
It prohibits the collection, hunting, and trade of endangered species without permits, establishing penalties for violations.
RA 9147 (Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act)
Note:
RA 7586 (This act was superseded by RA 9147)
RA 9147 is the current law that governs the conservation and protection of wildlife in the Philippines.
Regulatory guidelines from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources in the Philippines for environmental management.
Examples: Orders related to protected areas, wildlife protection, and pollution control.
DENR Administrative Order
Name one or more Philippine Iconic Species.
Philippine Eagle, Tarsier, Tamaraw
Goals: Sustainable use of biodiversity, equitable sharing of benefits, and conservation efforts.
Aichi Biodiversity Targets: 20 global targets aimed at halting biodiversity loss.
CBD Targets (Convention on Biological Diversity)
What does KM-GBF stand for?
KM-GBF (Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework)
This framework represents a global commitment to halt biodiversity loss by 2030. It sets ambitious targets, including protecting a significant percentage of terrestrial and marine areas, restoring ecosystems, and enhancing the benefits of biodiversity for local communities.
KM-GBF (Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework)
A Framework for biodiversity conservation in the Philippines.
This is the country’s roadmap or action plan to conserve biodiversity and achieve its vision - “By 2028, biodiversity is restored and rehabilitated, valued, effectively managed, secured, maintaining ecosystem services to sustain healthy, resilient Filipino communities and delivering benefits to all.”
PBSAP Action Plan (Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan)
Humpback whale (Balyena) & Lapu-lapu
Critically Endangered/Endangered/Vulnerable?
Vulnerable Species
What target that by 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity.
Target 8
What target that by 2015, the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefits Sharing is in force and operational.
Target 16
What are the Aichi Biodiversity Targets?
Global Conservation Goals
What protocol aims to contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity by providing international rules and procedures?
The Nagoya – Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol
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The Nagoya Protocol
Visayan Warty Pig & Mt. Isarog Striped Rat
Critically Endangered/Endangered/Vulnerable?
Critically Endangered Species
What target that by 2020, knowledge, the science base and technologies relating to biodiversity, its values, functioning, status and trends, and the consequences of its loss, are improved, widely shared and transferred, and applied.
Target 19
A permit or privilege given to an individual, academic, research institution or organization to capture/harvest and transport aquatic wildlife species from the natural habitat for scientific and other authorized purposes.
Gratuitous Permit (GP)
Species that are unique to a specific location and found nowhere else.
Endemic species
What are the ethical implications of biopiracy?
Indigenous rights
A rare bird species, known only to inhabit a specific island, is threatened by habitat loss due to tourism. Should it be protected in a national park, wildlife sanctuary, or critical habitat?
Critical Habitat
An endangered mammal species requires large territories for foraging and mating. Would a biosphere reserve or a national park be more suitable for its conservation?
Biosphere Reserve
A population of critically endangered turtles is nesting on a beach that is being developed for tourism. Should this area be designated as a wildlife sanctuary or a critical habitat?
Critical Habitat
A unique plant species found in a specific rainforest is facing threats from logging. Should this area be classified as a protected area or a wildlife sanctuary?
Protected Area
An aquatic species is experiencing declines due to pollution in its river habitat. Would it be best to establish a critical habitat or a protected area around this river?
Protected Area
An area with high biodiversity, including several endemic species, is at risk from invasive species. Should it be designated as a national park or a wildlife sanctuary?
Wildlife Sanctuary
What target that by 2020, People are aware of the values of biodiversity and the steps they can take to conserve and use it sustainably.
Target 1
A diverse forest ecosystem, home to several endangered plant and animal species, is facing threats from logging and urban development. Should this area be designated as a national park or a wildlife sanctuary?
National Park
Philippine Dear (usa) & Mindanao Flying Dragon (Tabili)
Critically Endangered/Endangered/Vulnerable?
Vulnerable Species
Worcester’s buttonquail (Pugo)
Critically Endangered/Endangered/Vulnerable?
Vulnerable Species
Philippine Mouse-deer & Panay Monitor Lizard
Critically Endangered/Endangered/Vulnerable?
Endangered Species
Green Turtle (Pawikan) & Blue Whale
Critically Endangered/Endangered/Vulnerable?
Endangered Species
Isabela Oriole, Mindoro Bleeding-heart & Sulu Hornbill
Critically Endangered/Endangered/Vulnerable?
Critically Endangered Species
This department is esponsible for aquatic habitats
and resources (fishes, aquatic plants,
invertebrates and marine mammals,
except dugong).
DA (Department of Agriculture)
This department is responsible for terrestrial plant
and animal species, all turtles and
tortoises, wetland species such as
waterbirds, amphibians and dugong.
DENR (Department of Environment and Natural Resources)
Wildlife species found in Palawan areas (RA 7611)
This council facilitates sustainable development in Palawan through implementing the Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN), which is the key strategy of the SEP Law.
PCSD (Palawan Council for Sustainable Development)
A new study shows that a specific bird species thrives in areas with four distinct seasons and deciduous trees that lose their leaves in winter. Which biome should be its habitat?
Temperate Forest
Which biome would be most suitable for a species of tree that requires high humidity and consistent rainfall throughout the year?
Tropical Rainforest
Which biome is suitable for organisms that have adapted to extreme temperatures, minimal vegetation, and very low rainfall?
Desert
An animal that can survive in extremely cold temperatures and has adaptations for insulating against harsh conditions is found in a region with permafrost. Which biome is it adapted to?
Tundra
A large mammal, such as a moose, is found in a region with long, cold winters and short summers, primarily consisting of coniferous trees. Which biome does it inhabit?
Boreal Forest (Taiga)
These are aquatic organisms that crawl in sediments at the bottom of a body of water. Many are decomposers.
Benthos
A grazing herbivore, such as a zebra, is found in a habitat characterized by warm temperatures, seasonal rainfall, and open grasslands. Which biome does it inhabit?
Savanna
What are the 3 Perspectives of Community and Ecosystem diversity?
- Alpha Diversity
- Beta Diversity
- Gamma Diversity
What are the 3 Levels or Types of Biodiversity?
- Community and Ecosystem Diversity
- Species Diversity
- Genetic Diversity
These are bacteria and algae that use sunlight to make food.
Phytoplankton
These are tiny animals that feed on phytoplankton.
Zooplankton
These are aquatic animals that can move on their own by ‘‘swimming” through the water. They may live in the photic or aphotic zone. They feed on plankton or other nekton.
Examples include fish and shrimp.
Nekton
How many hotspots of biodiversity on a global level?
25 Hotspots
Protected areas include: Biosphere Reserves, National parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and others.
Are these In-situ: Conservation or Ex-situ: Conservation?
In-situ: Conservation
Zoos, Botanical Gardens, Aquaria, Nurseries,
DNA bank, Seed bank, Gene bank etc.
Are these In-situ: Conservation or Ex-situ: Conservation?
Ex-situ: Conservation
A valuable tree species is at risk due to deforestation. Which ex-situ conservation method would be ideal for preserving its genetic material for future restoration efforts?
Seed bank
A rare species of orchid is under threat due to habitat destruction and climate change. Which ex-situ conservation method would be most appropriate for preserving its genetic diversity?
Botanical garden
