Geaography Christmas Test

Question 1

What are sedimentary rocks?

Answer 1

Rocks formed when rock particles build up on the sea floor or lake bed

Question 2

What is compaction in the context of sedimentary rock formation?

Answer 2

The process where the great weight of sediments squashes air and water out from between the grains of rock

Question 3

What role do calcite or silica minerals play in sedimentary rocks?

Answer 3

They stick the grains together to make the solid sedimentary rock

Question 4

What are bedding planes?

Answer 4

Clear lines that represent different rock layers, indicating the sea or lake bed at the time sediments were deposited

Question 5

What are joints in sedimentary rock layers?

Answer 5

Vertical cracks in the layers

Question 6

What is sandstone made from?

Answer 6

Layers of sand sediments

Question 7

What is limestone primarily composed of?

Answer 7

Layers of fish bones and shells on the sea bed

Question 8

What type of sedimentary rock is made from layers of mud?

Answer 8

Shale or mudstone

Question 9

What is coal made from?

Answer 9

Layers of dead leaves and vegetation

Question 10

What can sometimes be seen in sedimentary rocks that indicates past life?

Answer 10

Imprints (fossils) of sea creatures or plants

Question 11

What is the first step in the formation of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 11

Deposition

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Particles of rock are carried by rivers into the sea where they form layers of _______.

Answer 12

[sediments]

Question 13

What happens during the compaction stage of sedimentary rock formation?

Answer 13

Particles of rock are compressed together as more layers build up

Question 14

What are igneous rocks?

Answer 14

Rocks that form when magma and lava cool down

Examples include granite and basalt.

Question 15

How does granite form?

Answer 15

Granite forms when magma cools slowly deep inside the earth’s crust over thousands of years

This slow cooling allows minerals like silica to grow into crystals.

Question 16

What is a key characteristic of granite?

Answer 16

The presence of large crystals

These crystals indicate that the rock is granite.

Question 17

How does basalt form?

Answer 17

Basalt forms when lava erupts and cools quickly on the earth’s surface

Rapid cooling occurs when lava comes in contact with air, frost, snow, and water.

Question 18

What is a key characteristic of basalt?

Answer 18

The crystals in basalt are microscopic

This is due to the fast cooling process.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: Granite cools _______ deep underground.

Answer 19

slowly

Question 20

Fill in the blank: Basalt cools _______ on the earth’s surface.

Answer 20

quickly

Question 21

What forces do igneous rocks resist?

Answer 21

Weathering and erosion

This property contributes to their durability.

Question 22

What minerals are commonly found in granite?

Answer 22

Silica and other minerals

These minerals contribute to the formation of crystals in granite.

Question 23

What are metamorphic rocks?

Answer 23

Rocks that form when heat and pressure change existing rocks.

Question 24

What temperature can magma and lava reach?

Answer 24

Up to 1200°C.

Question 25

What does limestone turn into under metamorphic conditions?

Answer 25

Marble.

Question 26

What does sandstone turn into under metamorphic conditions?

Answer 26

Quartzite.

Question 27

What does shale turn into under metamorphic conditions?

Answer 27

Slate.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: Metamorphic rocks form when the great heat of magma and lava as well as ______ from plate movement changes rocks.

Answer 28

pressure.

Question 29

True or False: The heat from magma and lava does not affect the rocks it comes in contact with.

Answer 29

False.

Question 30

What is the primary factor that causes the transformation of rocks into metamorphic rocks?

Answer 30

Heat and pressure.

Question 31

What is the rock cycle?

Answer 31

The process by which each rock type is changed into another

Question 32

What are the processes involved in the rock cycle?

Answer 32

Melting, weathering and erosion, heat and pressure

Question 33

What forms sedimentary rock?

Answer 33

Weathering and erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

Question 34

What process leads to the formation of igneous rock?

Answer 34

Cooling of magma

Question 35

What is the role of magma in the rock cycle?

Answer 35

It melts to form igneous rock

Question 36

Fill in the blank: Sedimentary rock is formed through _______ and erosion, followed by deposition, compaction, and cementation.

Answer 36

Weathering

Question 37

What transforms sediment into sedimentary rock?

Answer 37

Deposition, compaction, cementation

Question 38

What type of rock is formed by heat and pressure?

Answer 38

Metamorphic rock

Question 39

True or False: The rock cycle only involves the formation of igneous rock.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

What is the process of changing sediment into sedimentary rock called?

Answer 40

Compaction and cementation

Question 41

Fill in the blank: _______ is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces.

Answer 41

Weathering

Question 42

What is the relationship between sediment and sedimentary rock?

Answer 42

Sediment compacts and cements to form sedimentary rock

Question 43

What happens to igneous rock under extreme heat and pressure?

Answer 43

It can transform into metamorphic rock