GD

Question 1

Summary of Roosevelt’s Personality + Presidency

Answer 1

Changed the way the government connected to people
He thought that things would be alright, and that no problem was un-solveable
He never revealed himself, and it took a toll on him
In his eyes, Presidency = role of moral leadership
Elanor was very critical, as he had high goals, but they needed each other

Question 2

Roosevelt’s early reaction to the GD

Answer 2

He created a bank holiday as a way to boost the economy, and it worked very well
He spoke on the radios to the people in an intimate way, like a grandfather
Wanted people to get involved
He had secretaries, and some were women
He was always in the media, no matter what

Question 3

1st 100 Days

Answer 3

15 bills decided which banks stayed open and which closed, and they tried to…
- Guarantee depositors deposits
- Separate commercial and investment banking
- Cause greater transparency in stocks
- Dictate golds value
- Save homeowners from foreclosure with loans
- Pay farmers to keep income for them high
- Create public jobs
- Provide power + flood control to the TVA

Question 4

15 Major Bills:
———> Main 4 things

Answer 4

a
1) TVA
- Stands for Tennessee Valley Authority
- Was to make those people more productive, manage flood control, and provide recreation, land management, and public electricity.
2) FDIC
- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
- It insured deposits and banks, supervises and examines financial institutions, and the old banks
3) CCC
- Civilian Conservation Corps
- Put men to work preserving the landscape, helping erosion and national parks, and it was great.
4) NRA
- Stands for National Recovery Administration
- Set prices and wages, trying to keep wages up and prices down

Question 5

Roosevelt’s strong (doctorial?) reaction:

Answer 5

He acted swiftly and it showed
People wanted a strong leader and he was one
Dictator was not really a bad word at the time, and it was almost reassuring
He handled the depression well worldwide
He would not let himself be the last president
He took the government from observer to supporter

Question 6

FDR and Elanor’s personal lives:

Answer 6

He put on a mask everyday
Elanor and him were not really happy
Elanor held conferences with female reporters, and wanted women to think
Lorena Hickok and Elanor were best friends
Elanor traveled very frequently
Americans wrote white house -> answered

Question 7

FDR’s Polio:

Answer 7

a
The public knew he had polio, but did not know that he couldn’t walk
He was so magnetic - his disability had no effect
You could not film him walking just a few feet
No one as afflicted could be elected nowadays

Question 8

West Virginia project in Arthurdale run by who:

Answer 8

Arthurdale was a New Deal community in West Virginia that was created to help families during the Great Depression:

Purpose:
The community was designed to improve living conditions for people in overcrowded cities and to provide opportunities for homeownership and small-scale farming.

Question 9

Conditions for African Americans and FDR’s Reaction:

Answer 9

They were ragged, ashamed, and cold, and they couldn’t pay rent
African Americans had it the worst, and 3/4 still lived in the Jim Crow south
No money went to them
Many went north, but found no work
Booker T. Washington
FDR had a “Black cabinet” and understood that the world had changed
AA liked FDR, but lynching continued because he could not make it illegal

Question 10

FDR and Elanor:

Answer 10

a
Elanor was an asset to FDR and they needed each other
She knew who he really was - unmasked
Each wanted the approval of the other
They lived very separate lives
The president loved warm springs Georgia, and went to suffer with the people
Roosevelt had rubbed off on America in all the right ways

Question 11

The Red Scare:

Answer 11

a
The First Red Scare, which occurred immediately after World War I, revolved around a perceived threat from the American labor movement, anarchist revolution, and political radicalism that followed revolutionary socialist movements in Germany and Russia during the 19th–early 20th century.

Question 12

Main Reasons for GD:

Answer 12

The main reasons for the Great Depression were the 1929 stock market crash, which was fueled by overvalued stocks and excessive speculation, leading to bank failures and a sharp decrease in consumer spending, further worsened by tight monetary policies and the gold standard that limited the ability to increase the money supply to stimulate the economy

Question 13

Bull vs. Bear Market:

Answer 13

A bull market is when stock prices are rising, while a bear market is when stock prices are falling.

Question 14

Margin Call = What?

Answer 14

A margin call is a request from a brokerage firm to an investor to add cash or securities to a margin account after the account’s value falls below a certain level

Question 15

Black Thursday and Tuesday:

Answer 15

Black Thursday and Black Tuesday were two days in late October 1929 that marked the beginning and end of the Wall Street Crash, also known as the Great Crash
Thurs: Oct. 24
Tues: Oct. 29

Question 16

What was a bank run?

Answer 16

A bank run is when a large number of customers withdraw their money from a bank at the same time, often due to concerns about the bank’s financial stability.

Question 17

What was credit and installment?

Answer 17

a
“Credit/installment” during the Great Depression meant buying goods by borrowing money and paying it back in regular installments over time, essentially allowing people to purchase big items like cars or appliances with a small down payment and then paying off the rest in monthly payments, which was a common practice in the 1920s that contributed to the economic crash when many people couldn’t keep up with their debt repayments.

Question 18

What were hobos?

Answer 18

During the Great Depression, hobos were migrant workers who traveled from place to place in search of work

Question 19

What caused the dust bowl?

Answer 19

The Dust Bowl, during the Great Depression, was primarily caused by a severe drought in the Great Plains combined with poor farming practices like over-plowing, which stripped the land of its natural grasses, leaving the topsoil vulnerable to being blown away by strong winds, creating massive dust storms; essentially, a combination of extreme weather and destructive agricultural techniques led to the disaster.

Question 20

What were “rail riders”?

Answer 20

“Rail riders” during the Great Depression were people, often unemployed and desperate for work, who would illegally hop onto freight trains to travel across the country in search of jobs, essentially hitchhiking on trains without paying a ticket, often referred to as “hobos.”

Question 21

What were the bonus marchers?

Answer 21

“Bonus Marchers” during the Great Depression refers to a group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington D.C. to demand immediate payment of a promised bonus for their military service, which was supposed to be paid out much later, due to the desperate economic situation during the Depression; they were also known as the “Bonus Army.”

Question 22

What was Repatriation?

Answer 22

“Repatriation” during the Great Depression refers to the forced or coerced return of large numbers of Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans back to Mexico, primarily due to widespread unemployment and anti-immigrant sentiment in the United States, where many were pressured to leave the country, even if they were American citizens; essentially, a mass deportation campaign targeting people of Mexican descent.